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There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy against a variety of problems related to agricultural and medical infections. Whilst by no means exhaustive, this book nicely highlights the present directions in silver-based antimicrobial research and antimicrobial formulation development. The chapters have been organized from a general introductory review to approaches of mixing other antimicrobials and materials to enhance silver performance. This is followed by synthetic approaches. First are biogenic (sometimes called green or eco-friendly) approaches, followed by advanced physical–chemical synthetic approaches. The book ends with an overview of applications through a review of patents over the past 10 years.

nanotechnology --- environmentally-friendly --- pesticide --- antimicrobial --- zebrafish --- antimicrobial activity --- biofilm --- urinary infection --- silver nanoparticles --- bacterial resistance --- silver --- nanoparticles --- Candida albicans --- Staphylococcus aureus --- herbal medicine --- Punicaceae --- calcium glycerophosphate --- Streptococcus mutans --- antibacterial --- titania --- mesoporous --- macroporous --- surface functionalization --- camphor derivatives --- silver camphorimine complexes --- laser ablation synthesis in solution --- nano-antimicrobials --- food packaging --- green synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- Juglans regia --- antibacterial activity --- biological synthesis --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- antifungal --- chitosan oligomers --- composites --- deep eutectic solvents --- phenolic compounds --- Phytophthora cinnamomi --- root rot --- non-equilibrium plasma --- antibacterial coatings --- plasma polymers --- nanocomposites --- antibiotics --- adjuvant --- combinatorial --- metal --- ROS --- antibacterial effect --- laser irradiation --- metal-vapour method --- TEM --- XPS --- EXAFS --- microbiomes --- silane-based coating --- Marinomonas --- Anaerospora --- antibiotic resistance --- medicinal silver --- patents --- synergism --- Cephradine --- Vildagliptin --- n/a

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The importance of understanding metal–microbe interactions underlies a number of social–economic issues in the world. The antimicrobial resistance era has created a need for novel antimicrobials and within this fieldm metal and metalloid ions are promising solutions. Pollution sites, either co-contaminated with metals or with metals as the sole pollutant, contain microbes that are present as key participants, with both of these issues habing links to agriculture. Microbes also play key roles in the global geochemical cycle of many elements. Such statements solidify the need to understand metal–microbe interactions. Given that genomics has arguably become the most useful tool in biology, the application of this technology within the field of understanding metal resistance comes as no surprise. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book provides examples of the applications of genomic approaches in the study of metal–microbe interactions. Here, we present a collection of manuscripts that highlights some present directions in the field. The book starts with a collection of three papers evaluating aspects of the genomics of the archetype metal resistant bacteria, Cuprividus metallidurans. This is followed by four studies that evaluate the mechanisms of metal resistance. The next two papers assess metal resistance in agricultural related situations, including a review on metal resistance in Listeria. The book concludes with a review on metal phytoremediation via Rhizobia and two subsequent studies of metal biotechnology relevance.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- silver --- silver toxicity --- silver resistance --- Keio collection --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobials --- Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans --- copper resistance --- biomining --- envelope components --- proteomics --- lipopolysaccharide --- genomic island --- integrase --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- mobile genetic element --- Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) sp. M14 --- arsenic-oxidizing bacteria --- heavy metal resistance --- draft genome sequence --- comparative genomic analysis --- biosafety --- biotechnology for arsenic removal --- adsorption --- water treatment --- in situ (bio)remediation --- copper --- resistance --- swine --- phenotype microarray --- mobile genetic elements --- Cupriavidus --- metal --- soil bioremediation --- heavy-metals --- serpentine soils --- serpentine vegetation --- genome manipulation --- cis-hybrid strains --- heavy metals --- genomic islands --- genomic rearrangements --- metal resistance genes --- Mucilaginibacer rubeus --- Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis --- evolution --- CTnDOT --- Listeria monocytogenes --- cadmium --- arsenic --- gallium --- antimicrobial agents --- metal toxicity --- metal resistance --- metal-based antimicrobials --- platinum resistance --- RNA-Seq --- multireplicon --- Nanopore --- adaptive laboratory evolution --- n/a

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The importance of understanding metal–microbe interactions underlies a number of social–economic issues in the world. The antimicrobial resistance era has created a need for novel antimicrobials and within this fieldm metal and metalloid ions are promising solutions. Pollution sites, either co-contaminated with metals or with metals as the sole pollutant, contain microbes that are present as key participants, with both of these issues habing links to agriculture. Microbes also play key roles in the global geochemical cycle of many elements. Such statements solidify the need to understand metal–microbe interactions. Given that genomics has arguably become the most useful tool in biology, the application of this technology within the field of understanding metal resistance comes as no surprise. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book provides examples of the applications of genomic approaches in the study of metal–microbe interactions. Here, we present a collection of manuscripts that highlights some present directions in the field. The book starts with a collection of three papers evaluating aspects of the genomics of the archetype metal resistant bacteria, Cuprividus metallidurans. This is followed by four studies that evaluate the mechanisms of metal resistance. The next two papers assess metal resistance in agricultural related situations, including a review on metal resistance in Listeria. The book concludes with a review on metal phytoremediation via Rhizobia and two subsequent studies of metal biotechnology relevance.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- silver --- silver toxicity --- silver resistance --- Keio collection --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobials --- Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans --- copper resistance --- biomining --- envelope components --- proteomics --- lipopolysaccharide --- genomic island --- integrase --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- mobile genetic element --- Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) sp. M14 --- arsenic-oxidizing bacteria --- heavy metal resistance --- draft genome sequence --- comparative genomic analysis --- biosafety --- biotechnology for arsenic removal --- adsorption --- water treatment --- in situ (bio)remediation --- copper --- resistance --- swine --- phenotype microarray --- mobile genetic elements --- Cupriavidus --- metal --- soil bioremediation --- heavy-metals --- serpentine soils --- serpentine vegetation --- genome manipulation --- cis-hybrid strains --- heavy metals --- genomic islands --- genomic rearrangements --- metal resistance genes --- Mucilaginibacer rubeus --- Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis --- evolution --- CTnDOT --- Listeria monocytogenes --- cadmium --- arsenic --- gallium --- antimicrobial agents --- metal toxicity --- metal resistance --- metal-based antimicrobials --- platinum resistance --- RNA-Seq --- multireplicon --- Nanopore --- adaptive laboratory evolution --- silver --- silver toxicity --- silver resistance --- Keio collection --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobials --- Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans --- copper resistance --- biomining --- envelope components --- proteomics --- lipopolysaccharide --- genomic island --- integrase --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- mobile genetic element --- Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) sp. M14 --- arsenic-oxidizing bacteria --- heavy metal resistance --- draft genome sequence --- comparative genomic analysis --- biosafety --- biotechnology for arsenic removal --- adsorption --- water treatment --- in situ (bio)remediation --- copper --- resistance --- swine --- phenotype microarray --- mobile genetic elements --- Cupriavidus --- metal --- soil bioremediation --- heavy-metals --- serpentine soils --- serpentine vegetation --- genome manipulation --- cis-hybrid strains --- heavy metals --- genomic islands --- genomic rearrangements --- metal resistance genes --- Mucilaginibacer rubeus --- Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis --- evolution --- CTnDOT --- Listeria monocytogenes --- cadmium --- arsenic --- gallium --- antimicrobial agents --- metal toxicity --- metal resistance --- metal-based antimicrobials --- platinum resistance --- RNA-Seq --- multireplicon --- Nanopore --- adaptive laboratory evolution

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