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Sociology of environment --- human ecology --- Social policy --- Private houses --- Architecture --- Social geography --- 351.778.5 --- 711 --- Stedenbouw ; denken over --- Architectuur en maatschappij ; huisvesting --- 711.4(A) --- Stedenbouw. Ruimtelijke ordening ; denken over de stedenbouw --- Wonen --- Algemeen --- Algemeen. --- 320 --- wonen --- wooncultuur --- sociale vraagstukken --- questions sociales

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Sociology of environment

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LOGEMENT --- ETATS-UNIS --- HISTOIRE --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- 20E SIECLE

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Housing --- Industrialized building

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As Robert Fichter writes in the Preface: "This is a book concerned with the activity called housing. From a variety of perspectives, the authors examine the participation or lack of participation of dwellers themselves in that activity. Their conclusions... are that as dwellers lose control over their living environments, shelter becomes a commodity of decreasing value to the individual and often an inordinate expense to society. "The authors, experienced in various fields and in many countries of the world, expose the wastefulness of institutionalized housing and show, by contrast, how self-fulfilling and productive the housing process can be when the user is in control.The answer to the universal dissatisfaction with mass housing (and to the literal bankruptcy of many public housing projects in the U.S.) is provided by individuals, community groups, and other grassroots organizations which have brought back dwellers' traditional freedom to sponsor, build, or simply to manage their own homes. Housing is a paradigm of all human activities. Some approaches to housing are models of how those activities can be perverted. But when the user is in control, those activities can begin to achieve their natural expression. William Grindley shows how 160,000 U.S. families, of all income levels, annually build their own homes, saving 1/3 the construction costs of equivalent commercially built homes. Richard Spohn details legislation to support and extend the network of locally available services which take owner-building possible. Rolf Goetze analyzes a successful experiment in self-help rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city houses. Hans Harms tells how a group of low-income tenants have organized to purchase and renovate the apartment building which urban renewal threatened to drive them out of.Donald Terner, in a new analysis of industrialized building, contrasts the high costs and inflexibility of mobile-type "module" units with the real economies which can be achieved through mass production of compatible components, easily assembled or disassembled by users or local builders. Peter Grenell and John Turner relate their experiences in India and Peru, where each discovered bureaucratic and professional blindness and also discovered awakening to basic issues of user control which has emerged as much from the desperation of the Third World as from the disillusionment of the rich, industrialized world. The authors presented some of the material in this book at the December 1970 session of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and later refined their conclusions during a series of seminars held at Ivan Illich's Institute in Cuernavaca, Mexico. The result, a closely interrelated set of essays, contains a message for all those concerned with human freedom in our bureaucratized, technological society.