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This book addresses one central question: if justice is to be done in the name of the community, how far do the decision-makers need to reflect the community, either in their profile or in the opinions they espouse? Each contributor provides an answer on the basis of a careful analysis of the rules, assumptions and practices relating to their own national judicial system and legal culture. Written by national experts, the essays illustrate a variety of institutional designs towards a better reflection of the community. The involvement of lay people is often most visible in judicial appointments at senior court level, with political representatives sometimes appointing judges. They consider the lay involvement in the judicial system more widely, from the role of juries to the role of specialist lay judges and lay assessors in lower courts and tribunals. This lay input into judicial appointments is explored in light of the principle of judicial independence. The contributors also critically discuss the extent to which judicial action is legitimised by any ‘democratic pedigree’ of the judges or their decisions. The book thus offers a range of perspectives, all shaped by distinctive constitutional and legal cultures, on the thorny relationship between the principle of judicial independence and the idea of democratic accountability of the judiciary.
Law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law. --- Philosophy of Law. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Philosophy of law. --- Droit --- Judges. --- Judicial ethics. --- Judicial process. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Ethics, Judicial --- Judges --- Alcaldes --- Cadis --- Chief justices --- Chief magistrates --- Justices --- Magistrates --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Professional ethics --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Political science. --- Law --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- International law. --- Comparative law. --- Philosophy. --- Courts --- Procedure (Law) --- Legal ethics --- Officials and employees --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Law—Philosophy. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law
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This book addresses one central question: if justice is to be done in the name of the community, how far do the decision-makers need to reflect the community, either in their profile or in the opinions they espouse? Each contributor provides an answer on the basis of a careful analysis of the rules, assumptions and practices relating to their own national judicial system and legal culture. Written by national experts, the essays illustrate a variety of institutional designs towards a better reflection of the community. The involvement of lay people is often most visible in judicial appointments at senior court level, with political representatives sometimes appointing judges. They consider the lay involvement in the judicial system more widely, from the role of juries to the role of specialist lay judges and lay assessors in lower courts and tribunals. This lay input into judicial appointments is explored in light of the principle of judicial independence. The contributors also critically discuss the extent to which judicial action is legitimised by any ‘democratic pedigree’ of the judges or their decisions. The book thus offers a range of perspectives, all shaped by distinctive constitutional and legal cultures, on the thorny relationship between the principle of judicial independence and the idea of democratic accountability of the judiciary.
Politics --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- International private law --- Law --- History --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- politiek --- recht --- internationaal privaatrecht
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The second edition of Judges on Trial articulates the rules, assumptions and practices which shape the culture of independence of the English judiciary today. Enhanced by interviews with English judges, legal scholars and professionals, it also outlines the factors that shape the modern meaning of judicial independence. The book discusses the contemporary issues of judicial governance, judicial appointments, the standards of conduct on and off the bench, the discipline and liability of judges and the relationship between judges and the media. It is accessible to an international audience of lawyers, political scientists and judges beyond the national realm.
Judges --- Judicial power --- Judiciary --- Justiciability --- Power, Judicial --- Constitutional law --- Courts --- Implied powers (Constitutional law) --- Judicial independence --- Separation of powers
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In honour of the work and writings of Professor John Bell, leading scholars present essays on factors affecting the course of 'legal development' in common law and Civilian systems. The reasons and context for legal development in a comparative perspective embrace the law both in action and in the books, legal institutions, legal cultures, and the extra-legal environment. Offering an accessible pathway into understanding comparative law, the collection introduces the core features of understanding foreign legal systems. With a range of illustrative case studies, the essays explore topical problems and debates in tort, contract, legal history, and judicial studies. In a tribute to one of the defining legal scholars of our time, this volume draws a rich, nuanced picture of the object of comparative legal research, and indicates new and exciting avenues for further research.
Comparative law. --- Law --- History. --- Legal history --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- History and criticism
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"Honouring the work and writings of Professor John Bell, leading scholars present essays on factors affecting the course of 'legal development' in common law and Civilian systems. Offering a range of accessible and illustrative studies, the collection considers topical debates and develops avenues for the future of comparative legal research"--
Comparative law --- Law --- History --- Legal history --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- History and criticism --- 340.5 --- 340.5 Rechtsvergelijking. Vergelijkend recht--(theorie) --- Rechtsvergelijking. Vergelijkend recht--(theorie)
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Quel lien peut-on faire entre la destruction de plants d'OrganismesGénétiquement Modifiés par les militants conduits par José Bové, les actionsdes militants anti-avortement à l'égard du personnel médical des hôpitaux et decliniques, et la célébration illégale du mariage de deux homosexuels en 2004 àla mairie de Bègles ? Selon les combats menés, la désobéissance civile acquiertune signification différente. De plus, si la désobéissance civile est extérieure audroit, parce qu'illégale, l'appel à l'intervention du juge en sa faveur, estnéanmoins constant. Quelle réception juridique espérer alors pour la désobéissance civile,évoquée à des titres si divers? Cette interrogation entraîne le constat que la désobéissance civile,traditionnellement caractérisée par un plaidoyer de culpabilité et parl'acceptation de la condamnation judiciaire, est, désormais, marquée par larevendication de faits justificatifs, fondés sur l'idéologie des droits de l'homme,en droits américain, européen et français. Ce constat conduit à confronter laconception du juge qui sous-tend les actions des auteurs de désobéissancecivile, aux solutions que leur apporte la pratique judiciaire. Dès lors, prenantappui sur une comparaison des traditions juridiques américaines et françaises,cet ouvrage a pour objet l'étude de la notion de désobéissance civile du point devue juridique, un point de vue peu développé jusqu'à présent.L'analyse, dans la première partie, de l'obligation juridique du juge face àla désobéissance civile, et, dans la seconde partie, du discours judiciaire adoptéface à celle-ci, nourrit le débat sur le sens et la portée, en droit, de ladésobéissance civile
Law of civil procedure --- Human rights --- United States --- France --- Civil disobedience --- Désobéissance civile --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Désobéissance civile --- Judicial power --- Civil resistance --- Disobedience, Civil --- Government, Resistance to --- United States of America
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La désobéissance civile constitue un défi au Droit et aux règles de la démocratie représentative. La désobéissance civile s'enracine dans une histoire ancienne et complexe, que notre société, de plus en plus technicienne et individualiste, réactive. L'acte désobéissant connaît aujourd'hui un regain de vigueur, s'appuyant sur de nouveaux registres de légitimité. La contestation de la règle oblige les systèmes juridiques et politiques, notamment nos démocraties représentatives pluralistes, à reformuler les fondements de l'obéissance du citoyen à la loi. C'est que, contrairement aux contestations de type révolutionnaire, la désobéissance civile est une remise en cause de la règle juridique d'autant plus complexe qu'elle ne se situe pas en dehors du système légal mais en son sein, se revendiquant même comme une forme de participation démocratique à la production de la norme. Loin d'être un simple acte de négation de l'ordre politique, elle se revendique comme une contribution - dont l'expression est certes particulière - à l'extension du champ de la confrontation politique, en dehors des arènes représentatives. Ces interrogations relatives à la normativité ont déjà fait l'objet de recherches dans les diverses disciplines qui étudient le phénomène juridique. La science politique a, de son côté, étudié le mécanisme en suivant les formes de mobilisation que génère la figure du désobéissant. En revanche, il n'est pas habituel de les faire se rencontrer pour un travail inter-disciplinaire et encore moins autour de la désobéissance civile. Dans cette matière où débats théoriques et action pratique sont si intimement mêlés, il semble profitable de confronter ces deux points de vue. Ce livre propose donc un échange croisé et parfois contradictoire, sur les raisons et fins de la désobéissance civile.
Civil disobedience --- Political participation --- Democracy --- Désobéissance civile --- Participation politique --- Démocratie --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Désobéissance civile --- Démocratie --- Civil disobedience. --- Government, Resistance to. --- Opposition (Political science) --- Nonviolence. --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Political science --- Political violence --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Revolutions --- Disobedience, Civil --- Government, Resistance to --- Non-violence --- Pacifism --- Political opposition --- Divided government --- démocratie participative --- contestation --- politique --- loi --- citoyen --- Political resistance
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