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In the late 1800's American entrepreneurs became participants in the 400-year history of European economic and ecological hegemony in the tropics. Beginning as buyers in the tropical ports of the Atlantic and Pacific, they evolved into land speculators, controlling and managing the areas where tropical crops were grown for carefully fostered consumer markets at home. As corporate agro-industry emerged, the speculators took direct control of the ecological destinies of many tropical lands. Supported by the U.S. government's diplomatic and military protection, they migrated and built private empires in the Caribbean, Central and South America, the Pacific, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. Yankee investors and plantation managers mobilized engineers, agronomists, and loggers to undertake what they called the "Conquest of the Tropics," claiming to bring civilization to benighted peoples and cultivation to unproductive nature. In competitive cooperation with local landed and political elites, they not only cleared natural forests but also displaced multicrop tribal and peasant lands with monocrop export plantations rooted in private property regimes. This book is a rich history of the transformation of the tropics in modern times, pointing ultimately to the declining biodiversity that has resulted from the domestication of widely varied natural systems. Richard P. Tucker graphically illustrates his study with six major crops, each a virtual empire in itself-sugar, bananas, coffee, rubber, beef, and timber. He concludes that as long as corporate-dominated free trade is ascendant, paying little heed to its long-term ecological consequences, the health of the tropical world is gravely endangered.

Tropical crops --- Investments, American --- Environmental degradation --- Cultures tropicales --- Investissements américains --- Environnement --- Economic aspects --- History --- Environmental aspects --- Aspect économique --- Histoire --- Aspect environnemental --- Dégradation --- Environmental degradation. --- Investments, American. --- Investments, American - Tropics - History - 20th century. --- Tropical crops. --- Tropical crops-- Economic aspects-- History-- 20th century. --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Investissements américains --- Aspect économique --- Dégradation --- Degradation, Environmental --- Destruction, Environmental --- Deterioration, Environmental --- Environmental destruction --- Environmental deterioration --- American investments --- Plantation crops --- Tropical agriculture --- Natural disasters --- Environmental quality --- Agriculture --- Crops --- Field crops --- Tropical plants --- E-books --- agriculture. --- american history. --- bananas. --- beef. --- biodiversity. --- caribbean. --- central america. --- civilization. --- coffee. --- commerce. --- commodities. --- conservation. --- cultivation. --- ecology. --- environment. --- environmental history. --- environmental impact. --- environmentalism. --- forest. --- free trade. --- land speculation. --- latin american history. --- monocrops. --- nonfiction. --- pacific. --- plantations. --- rubber. --- south america. --- southeast asia. --- sugar. --- timber. --- trade. --- transnational history. --- tropical crops. --- tropical lands. --- tropical ports. --- tropics. --- west africa. --- white mans burden.

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This collection of articles by noted environmental historian Richard P Tucker is an attempt to trace Indian forest history from the colonial era to its post-Independence legacy. It is a study of the evolution of forest policy at the national level, in counterpoint with management at the provincial and local levels, primarily in the Himalayan districts. A Forest History of India highlights the two main strains of conflict that characterize the evolution of professional forestry in India. First, the tension between the subsistence needs of the local population and the commercial needs of the col

Forest policy --- Forests and forestry --- History. --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects

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War --- Environmental aspects --- Polemology --- World history --- War - Environmental aspects

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The fate of towns and cities stands at the center of the environmental history of World War II. Broad swaths of cityscapes were destroyed by the bombing of targets such as transport hubs, electrical grids, and industrial districts, and across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, urban environments were transformed by the massive mobilization of human and natural resources to support the conflict. But at the same time, the war saw remarkable resilience among the human and non-human residents of cities. Foregrounding the concept of urban resilience, this collection uncovers the creative survival strategies that city-dwellers of all kinds turned to in the midst of environmental devastation. As the first major study at the intersection of environmental, urban, and military history, The Resilient City in World War II lays the groundwork for an improved understanding of rapid change in urban environments, and how societies may adapt.

World War, 1914-1918 --- European War, 1914-1918 --- First World War, 1914-1918 --- Great War, 1914-1918 --- World War 1, 1914-1918 --- World War I, 1914-1918 --- World War One, 1914-1918 --- WW I (World War, 1914-1918) --- WWI (World War, 1914-1918) --- History, Modern --- Environmental aspects. --- World War, 1939-1945. --- Environment. --- Cities and towns-History. --- World history. --- Military history. --- History of World War II and the Holocaust. --- Environment Studies. --- Urban History. --- World History, Global and Transnational History. --- History of Military. --- Military historiography --- Military history --- Wars --- Historiography --- History --- Naval history --- Universal history --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- Cities and towns—History. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Cities and towns --- Environmental Sciences. --- Military History. --- History.

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Deforestation --- Forests and forestry --- Clearing of land --- History --- Congresses.