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How do historians, comparative linguists, biblical and textual critics and evolutionary biologists establish beliefs about the past? How do they know the past? This book presents a philosophical analysis of the disciplines that offer scientific knowledge of the past. Using the analytic tools of contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science the book covers such topics as evidence, theory, methodology, explanation, determination and underdetermination, coincidence, contingency and counterfactuals in historiography. Aviezer Tucker's central claim is that historiography as a scientific discipline should be thought of as an effort to explain the evidence of past events. He also emphasizes the similarity between historiographic methodology to Darwinian evolutionary biology. This is an important, fresh approach to historiography and will be read by philosophers, historians and social scientists interested in the methodological foundations of their disciplines.

Criticism [Historical ] --- Critique historique --- Geschiedkundige methodologie --- Geschiedschrijving --- Geschiedschrijving--Methodologie --- Historical criticism --- Historical method --- Historical methodology --- Historiografie --- Historiographie --- Historiography --- Historische kritiek --- Historische methode --- Historische methodologie --- History--Criticism --- Kritiek [Historische ] --- Methodologie [Historische ] --- Methodology [Historical ] --- Historiography. --- History --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- History, Modern --- Authorship --- Criticism --- Arts and Humanities --- Histoire --- Philosophie

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"Like the encompassing nature of the other volumes in the Blackwell Companion to Philosophy series, undergraduate students and scholars with a serious interest in philosophical problems related to history and historiography should benefit from the newest Companion." (Reviews in Religion & Theology, 2012) "This volume does a fine job of showing the field's connections to many of the central concerns of contemporary philosophy. Part Four offers essays addressing the traditional schools and issues of philosophy of history and historiography, as well as valuable essays on postmodernism, Muslim philosophy of history, and philosophy of history at the end of the Cold War, among other topics.

930.21 --- 930.11 --- 930.11 Filosofie van de geschiedenis. Geschiedenisfilosofie --- Filosofie van de geschiedenis. Geschiedenisfilosofie --- 930.21 Historiografie. Geschiedenis van de geschiedwetenschap --- Historiografie. Geschiedenis van de geschiedwetenschap --- Historiography --- History --- History, Modern --- Philosophy --- History as a science --- Philosophy. --- Historiography - Philosophy. --- History - Philosophy. --- Historiography - Philosophy --- History - Philosophy --- Historiographie --- Histoire --- Philosophie

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The first political theory of post-Communism examines its implications for understanding liberty, rights, transitional justice, property rights, privatization, rule of law, centrally planned public institutions, and the legacies of totalitarian thought in language and discourse. The transition to post-totalitarianism was the spontaneous adjustment of the rights of the late-totalitarian elite to its interest. Post-totalitarian governments faced severe scarcity in the supply of justice. Rough justice punished the perpetrators and compensated their victims. Historical theories of property rights became radical, and consequentialist theories, conservative. Totalitarianism in Europe disintegrated but did not end. The legacies of totalitarianism in higher education met New Public Management, totalitarian central planning under a new label. Totalitarianism divorced language from reality through the use of dialectics that identified opposites and the use of logical fallacies to argue for ideological conclusions. This book illustrates these legacies in the writings of Habermas, Derrida, and Žižek about democracy, personal responsibility, dissidence, and totalitarianism.

Post-communism. --- Totalitarianism. --- Totalitarian state --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- National socialism --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism

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Social contract --- State, The --- Legitimacy of governments --- Globalization --- Philosophy --- Political aspects. --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Theory of the state --- State, The - Philosophy --- Globalization - Political aspects.

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Political sociology --- Politics