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Tropical rainforests are disappearing due to agricultural intensification and climate change, causing irreversible losses in biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem properties and human well-being are profoundly influenced by environmental change, which is often not considered during land use intensification. Understanding these processes needs an integrated scientific approach linking ecological, economic and social perspectives at different scales, from the household and village level to landscapes and regions. The chapters in this book cover a broad range of topical research areas, from sustainable agroforestry management, climate change effects on rainforests and agroforests to integrated concepts of land use in tropical landscapes.

Agroforestry -- Tropics -- Management. --- Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects -- Tropics. --- Global environmental change. --- Land use -- Tropics. --- Rain forest conservation. --- Rain forests. --- Global environmental change --- Rain forests --- Agroforestry --- Land use --- Climatic changes --- Rain forest conservation --- Business & Economics --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- Agricultural Economics --- Management --- Agricultural ecology --- Management. --- Economic aspects. --- Agriculture --- Agroecology --- Rain forest management --- Ecology --- Environment. --- Meteorology. --- Physical geography. --- Climate change. --- Nature conservation. --- Sustainable development. --- Climate Change. --- Physical Geography. --- Environment, general. --- Nature Conservation. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Geography --- Aerology --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Environmental aspects --- Conservation --- Permaculture --- Forest management

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The multitrophic level approach to ecology addresses the complexity of food webs much more realistically than the traditional focus on simple systems and interactions. Only in the last few decades have ecologists become interested in the nature of more complex systems including tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Plants may directly influence the behaviour of their herbivores' natural enemies, ecological interactions between two species are often indirectly mediated by a third species, landscape structure directly affects local tritrophic interactions and below-ground food webs are vital to above-ground organisms. The relative importance of top-down effects (control by predators) and bottom-up effects (control by resources) must also be determined. These interactions are explored in this exciting volume by expert researchers from a variety of ecological fields. This book provides a much-needed synthesis of multitrophic level interactions and serves as a guide for future research for ecologists of all descriptions.

Multitrophic interactions (Ecology). --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Environmental Management --- Environmental Protection. --- ecosystems --- Animal population --- plant population --- Biological competition --- Multitrophic interactions (Ecology) --- Interactions, Multitrophic (Ecology) --- Food chains (Ecology)

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William F. Laurance summarizes key ?ndings of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Amazonia, the world's largest and longe- running experimental study on habitat fragmentation. Edge e?ects play a key role in fragment dynamics and the surrounding matrix has a major in?uence on fragment connectivity and functioning. Many Amazonian species avoid even small clearings. Konrad Fiedler et al. focus on tropical forest moths and their response to forest disturbance and recovery. Using large data sets from Borneo and Ecuador, they found strong responses of species composition to disturbance, butnotalwaysofspeciesdiversity.Beta,ratherthanalpha,diversityappeared to be meaningful to assess land use impacts. Ra?aelErnstetal.presentresultsonamphibiancommunitiesindisturbed forests of the Neo- and Afrotropics. Patterns in community composition, and hence beta diversity, is a key in understanding impacts of human disturbance. These authors argue that alterations in the functional diversity of amphibians are a good predictor of habitat change. Dietrich Hertel et al. address the e?ects of forest use and forest conv- sion on the below-ground compartment in the wet tropical forests of Sulawesi (Indonesia). The authors review the response of ?ne root biomass to forest disturbance intensity and interpret results with respect to carbon storage in the root system. Luitgard Schwendenmann et al. present data on how forest conversion a?ects soil carbon pools, carbon mineralization rates and soil respiration in Central Panama. The active soil organic carbon pool was found to be a s- sitive indicator of soil respiration and may indicate land-use changes.

Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Economic geography --- landschapsecologie --- economie --- ecologie --- milieuzorg --- geografie --- milieubeheer --- ecosystemen --- milieuanalyse

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Tropical rainforests are disappearing due to agricultural intensification and climate change, causing irreversible losses in biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem properties and human well-being are profoundly influenced by environmental change, which is often not considered during land use intensification. Understanding these processes needs an integrated scientific approach linking ecological, economic and social perspectives at different scales, from the household and village level to landscapes and regions. The chapters in this book cover a broad range of topical research areas, from sustainable agroforestry management, climate change effects on rainforests and agroforests to integrated concepts of land use in tropical landscapes.

Nature protection --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- Physical geography --- environment --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- natuurbescherming --- meteorologie --- milieubeheer --- fysische geografie --- klimaatverandering

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Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general)