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The literature on the drivers of capital flows stresses the prominent role of global financial factors. Recent empirical work, however, highlights how this role varies across countries and time, and this heterogeneity is not well understood. We revisit this question by focusing on financial intermediaries’ funding flows in different currencies. A concise portfolio model shows that the sign and magnitude of the response of foreign currency funding flows to global risk factors depend on the financial intermediary’s pre-existing currency exposure. An analysis of a rich dataset of European banks’ aggregate balance sheets lends support to the model predictions, especially in countries outside the euro area.
Capital movements --- Banks and banking, International --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International finance --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- Econometric models. --- Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- International economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Currencies --- Foreign currency exposure --- Financial statements --- Money --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Exchange rate risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Foreign exchange market --- Banks and banking --- Finance, Public --- Financial risk management --- United States
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Foreign Currency Bank Funding and Global Factors.
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The use of different currencies in the invoicing of international trade transactions plays a major role in the international transmission of economic fluctuations. Existing studies argue that an exporter's invoicing choice reflects structural aspects of her industry, such as market share and the price-sensitivity of demand, the hedging of marginal costs, due for instance to the use of imported inputs, and macroeconomic volatility. We use a new highly disaggregated dataset to assess the roles of the various invoicing determinants. We find support for the factors identified in the literature, and document a new feature, in the form of a link between shipments size and invoicing. Specifically, larger transactions are more likely to be invoiced in the importer's currency. We offer a potential theoretical explanation for the empirical link between transaction size and invoicing by allowing invoicing to be set through a bargaining between exporters and importers, a feature that is absent from existing models despite its empirical relevance.
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