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This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on children's school resilience. Using an individual fixed-effect linear probability model on Nigeria data, it exploits the quasi-randomness of these measures to estimate their effect on school attendance after the lockdown was lifted. The results show that COVID-19 lockdown measures reduced children's probability of attending school after the school system reopened. This negative impact increased with children's age, reaching a peak among those whose education was no longer compulsory. For schoolchildren in that age group, the negative effect of COVID-19 lockdown measures is likely to be permanent, which, if not reversed, will undermine the quality of the economy-wide future labor force. The paper also finds evidence that in the child marriage-prone North-West part of Nigeria that these measures increased gender inequality in education among children aged 12 to 18. This result suggests that COVID-19 lockdown measures may exacerbate harmful traditional practices such as child marriage.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Access To Education --- Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Distance Learning --- Dropout Rate --- Education --- Education For All --- Educational Technology and Distance Education --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Equity --- Gender Inequality --- Lockdown --- Remote Learning --- School Attendance --- School Closure

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Public spending on infrastructure plays an important role in promoting economic growth and poverty alleviation. Empirical studies unequivocally show that under-investment in infrastructure limits economic growth. At the same time, numerous other studies have shown that investment in infrastructure can be an effective tool in fighting poverty reduction. In that context, the financing of infrastructure has been a critical element of most economic growth and poverty reduction strategies in developing countries since the start of this millennium. This book provides a comparative analysis of the aggregate and sectoral implications of higher spending on infrastructure in three very different Asian countries: China, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Particular attention is paid to the role of alternative financing mechanisms for increasing public infrastructure investment, namely distortionary and non-distortionary means of financing. The book will be of interest to scholars and policy-makers concerned with economic growth in developing countries.

Methodology of economics --- Economic growth --- Public finance --- Finance --- Public economics --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Business management --- Business economics --- financieel management --- bedrijfseconomie --- economie --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- armoede --- economische groei --- overheidsfinanciën --- Asia --- Development economics. --- Economic growth. --- Public finance. --- Development Economics. --- Economic Growth. --- Public Economics. --- Cameralistics --- Public finances --- Currency question --- Development, Economic --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic development --- Development Economics --- Economic Growth --- Public Economics