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Dissertation
Binder-free carbon matrix electrodes for supercapacitors derived from metal organic frameworks
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen

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Abstract

With the development of modern society, the increasing consumption of fossil fuels highly aggravate the global energy crisis. Therefore, it is urgent to expand high-effectiveness energy storage devices to meet the growing requirement of market and industry, especially for hybrid electric vehicles. Herein, supercapacitors are considered as a promising device to continually offer energy output since its high specific capacitances and widely working temperature etc. In this case, porous carbon is always selected as the electrode of supercapacitors since it enjoys a series of properties, including tunable morphology, high catalysis efficiency and sprightly chemical performance. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal template to produce porous carbon due to their high surface area and controllable size distribution. In order to build up the electrode, porous carbon need to be mixed with polymeric binder then further be pressed onto the current collector. Unfortunately, the existence of binder will largely increase the resistance then further reduce the capacitance of the produced electrode. Hence the investigation of high-performance binder-free electrode for supercapacitors draw public’s attention in recent years. However, the amount of information on binder-free porous carbon matrix electrode for supercapacitors derived from MOFs is still rare. In this thesis, the MOFs-derived binder-free carbon matrix electrode for supercapacitors are successfully prepared. By adjusting the ratio of zinc ions, organic linker and modulating ligands, a series of zinc-2-methylimidazole (ZIF-8) with different particles size are successfully synthesized via room-temperature synthesis method. In order to build up the binder-free electrode, ZIF-8 particles are deposited onto a 3D-electrode (i.e. nickel foam) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Moreover, the sufficiently penetration of ZIF-8 into nickel foam, the thickness of deposition layer and the effect of deposition voltage and deposition time of EPD were explored. Besides, in order to prove the widely potential applications of our strategies, core-shell structured ZIF-67@ZIF-8 was synthesized and deposited on nickel foam by EPD, suggesting EPD can be used as a universal method to prepare MOF-derived binder-free electrode. By carbonization, the MOF-covered electrode was convert to porous carbon matrix electrode, which are used as the electrode for supercapacitors. The binder-free electrode shows high specific capacitances (140 F/g at a voltage scan rate of 300 mV/s), low charge transfer resistance (0.025 Ω) and large specific energy (10.2 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1750 W/kg), while the binder-containing electrode presents low specific capacitances (24 F/g at a voltage scan rate of 300 mV/s), high charge transfer resistance (0.91 Ω) and low specific energy (7.1 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1750 W/kg). The superb properties of binder-free carbon matrix electrode for supercapacitors ensure its practical use in the field of energy storage, electric devices and public transportation.

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