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"From the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Latin Christendom was increasingly focussed, both institutionally and culturally, on Rome and the papacy. A key element of these changes was a growing concern with the provision of pastoral care and the standardisation of practices and beliefs. However, whilst parish churches have received considerable scholarly attention, chapels have been largely neglected, despite the fact that they were widespread in the landscape of medieval Britain and Norway, found in locations ranging from villages to castles, and central to the life of many. This book, the first major comparative study of the subject, begins by examining what a chapel was, who used them, and their purpose. Using archaeological remains, the wider parish landscape - settlements, transport and geography - and historical records such as papal letters, it then categorises chapels according to function and their relationship with the parish church, showing that they served a far greater range of purposes than has previously been assumed. The author also considers whether the drive for uniformity had an impact on religious landscapes in Britain and Norway, arguing that there is little evidence of a Viking impact on chapel organisation in the British Isles, with the evidence pointing towards Scandinavian adoption of pre-existing organisation and local cults"--Back cover.

726 --- Chapels --- Parishes --- 726 Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur --- Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur --- Church polity --- Church architecture --- Church buildings --- History --- Great Britain --- Norway --- Church history --- Church history. --- Religious architecture

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The following article is based on a presentation by Sarah E. Thomas, a librarian at Cornell University in the United States. This abridged version begins by summarising how libraries thrive in an era of change. Next it explores storing print publications and how libraries are increasing space for services and activities. The paper then addresses new roles and partners for libraries and, finally, architectural solutions to spatial constraints.

Education

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L'article suivant s'inspire d'une communication de Sarah E. Thomas, bibliothécaire à L'université Cornell, aux États-Unis. Dans cette version abrégée, L'auteur commence par montrer comment les bibliothèques prospèrent dans une époque marquée par le changement. Elle y explore ensuite le stockage des publications et la façon dont les bibliothèques donnent plus de place aux services et aux activités. L'article traite des rôles et des partenaires nouveaux des bibliothèques et enfin, des contraintes spatiales.

Academic libraries --- Space utilization.

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L'article suivant s'inspire d'une communication de Sarah E. Thomas, bibliothécaire à L'université Cornell, aux États-Unis. Dans cette version abrégée, L'auteur commence par montrer comment les bibliothèques prospèrent dans une époque marquée par le changement. Elle y explore ensuite le stockage des publications et la façon dont les bibliothèques donnent plus de place aux services et aux activités. L'article traite des rôles et des partenaires nouveaux des bibliothèques et enfin, des contraintes spatiales.

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"Bishops were powerful individuals who had considerable spiritual, economic, and political power. They were not just religious leaders; they were important men who served kings and lords as advisers and even diplomats. They also controlled large territories and had significant incomes and people at their command. The nature of the international Church also meant that they travelled and had connections well beyond their home countries, were players on an increasingly international stage, and were key conduits for the transfer of ideas. This volume examines the identities and networks of bishops in medieval Europe. The fifteen papers explore how senior clerics attained their bishoprics through their familial, social, and educational networks, their career paths, relationships with secular lords, and the papacy. It brings together research on bishops in central, southern, and northern Europe, by early career and established scholars. The first part features five case-studies of individual bishops' identities, careers, and networks. Then we turn to examine contact with the papacy and its role in three regions: northern Italy, the archbishopric of Split, and Sweden. Part III focuses on five main issues: royal patronage, reforming bishops, nepotism, social mobility, and public assemblies. Finally Part IV explores how episcopal networks in Poland, Sigüenza, and the Nidaros church province helped candidates achieve promotion. These contributions will thus enhance of our understanding of how bishops fit into the religious, political, social, and cultural fabrics of medieval Europe."-- Back cover.

Bishops --- Appointment, call, and election.