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This book presents numerical simulations of shear localization in granular materials using a hypoplastic constitutive model enhanced by a characteristic length of the micro-structure in the form of a mean grain diameter. Due to the presence of the characteristic length, the boundary value problems are well-posed, the numerical results are mesh-independent (load-displacement diagrams, spacing and thickness of shear zones), and a deterministic size effect related to the ratio between a mean grain diameter and specimen size is captured. A comprehensive exposition of the hypoplastic constitutive equation and its extension within the framework of the micro-polar continuum are provided. Problems simulated include: plane strain compression, monotonic and cyclic shearing of an infinite long layer, direct and simple shearing, direct shearing along structure wall, sandpile, strip foundation and earth pressure. Some challenging problems are discussed, e.g. wall boundary conditions, non-coaxiality and stress-dilatancy rule, and textural anisotropy. Moreover, deterministic and statistical size effects are investigated.

Granular materials --- Finite element method. --- Plastic properties --- Mathematical models. --- FEA (Numerical analysis) --- FEM (Numerical analysis) --- Finite element analysis --- Numerical analysis --- Isogeometric analysis --- Bulk solids --- Materials --- Mechanical engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Geography. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Mathematics --- Applied mathematics. --- Earth sciences. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Solids. --- Soft condensed matter. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. --- Soft and Granular Matter. --- Data processing. --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids --- Solid state physics --- Transparent solids

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Concrete is still the most widely used construction material since it has the lowest ratio between cost and strength as compared to other available materials. However, it has two undesirable properties, namely: low tensile strength and large brittleness that cause the collapse to occur shortly after the formation of the first crack. To improve these two negative properties and to achieve a partial substitute of conventional reinforcement, an addition of short discontinuous randomly oriented steel fibres can be practiced among others. In spite of positive properties, fibrous concrete did not find such acknowledgment and application as usual concrete. There do not still exist consistent dimensioning rules due to the lack sufficient large-scale static and dynamic experiments taking into account the effect of the fibre orientation. The intention of the book is twofold: first to summarize the most important mechanical and physical properties of steel-fibre-added concrete and reinforced concrete on the basis of numerous experiments described in the scientific literature, and second to describe a quasi-static fracture process at meso-scale both in plain concrete and fibrous concrete using a novel discrete lattice model. In 2D and 3D simulations of fibrous concrete specimens under uniaxial tension, the effect of the fibre volume, fibre distribution, fibre orientation, fibre length, fibrous bond strength and specimen size on both the stress-strain curve and fracture process was carefully analyzed.

Mechanics, Applied. --- Reinforced concrete -- Mathematical models. --- Reinforced concrete -- Testing. --- Fibrous composites --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Materials Science --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Fiber-reinforced concrete. --- Steel, Structural. --- Structural steel --- Fibrous concrete --- FRC (Fiber-reinforced concrete) --- Reinforced concrete, Fiber --- Engineering. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Geology. --- Building materials --- Civil engineering --- Girders --- Building, Iron and steel --- Iron and steel bridges --- Iron, Structural --- Structural steel industry --- Reinforced concrete --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Engineering—Geology. --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Geology, Economic --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Details --- Geology --- Flow --- Distribution

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The book analyzes a quasi-static fracture process in concrete and reinforced concrete by means of constitutive models formulated within continuum mechanics. A continuous and discontinuous modelling approach was used. Using a continuous approach, numerical analyses were performed using a finite element method and three different enhanced continuum models: isotropic elasto-plastic, isotropic damage and anisotropic smeared crack one. The models were equipped with a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local and a second-gradient theory. So they could properly describe the formation of localized zones with a certain thickness and spacing and a related deterministic size effect. Using a discontinuous FE approach, numerical results of cracks using a cohesive crack model and XFEM were presented which were also properly regularized. Finite element analyses were performed with concrete elements under monotonic uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension, bending and shear-extension. Concrete beams under cyclic loading were also simulated using a coupled elasto-plastic-damage approach. Numerical simulations were performed at macro- and meso-level of concrete. A stochastic and deterministic size effect was carefully investigated. In the case of reinforced concrete specimens, FE calculations were carried out with bars, slender and short beams, columns, corbels and tanks. Tensile and shear failure mechanisms were studied. Numerical results were compared with results from corresponding own and known in the scientific literature laboratory and full-scale tests.    .

Applied physical engineering --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- robots

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Mathematics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Fluid mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Solid state physics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Mining industry --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- thermodynamica --- analyse (wiskunde) --- mijnbouw --- wiskunde --- geografie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica --- mechanica

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This book presents numerical simulations of shear localization in granular materials using a hypoplastic constitutive model enhanced by a characteristic length of the micro-structure in the form of a mean grain diameter. Due to the presence of the characteristic length, the boundary value problems are well-posed, the numerical results are mesh-independent (load-displacement diagrams, spacing and thickness of shear zones), and a deterministic size effect related to the ratio between a mean grain diameter and specimen size is captured. A comprehensive exposition of the hypoplastic constitutive equation and its extension within the framework of the micro-polar continuum are provided. Problems simulated include: plane strain compression, monotonic and cyclic shearing of an infinite long layer, direct and simple shearing, direct shearing along structure wall, sandpile, strip foundation and earth pressure. Some challenging problems are discussed, e.g. wall boundary conditions, non-coaxiality and stress-dilatancy rule, and textural anisotropy. Moreover, deterministic and statistical size effects are investigated.

Mathematics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Fluid mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Solid state physics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Mining industry --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- thermodynamica --- analyse (wiskunde) --- mijnbouw --- wiskunde --- geografie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica --- mechanica