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This paper uses computable general equilibrium model-based simulations to assess the gender dimensions of the impact of COVID-19 on economic outcomes, that is, labor force participation, employment, wages, and earnings. It leverages the 2020 High-Frequency Phone Survey in Chad to assess the impact of COVID-19 on female-headed households, which comprise 23 percent of the country's households. The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a disproportionately higher negative impact on women in urban areas. The simulation results suggest that more women than men working in paid jobs might lose their jobs. Although the paper focuses on the impact of COVID-19 in 2020, the findings can be generalized as the hysteresis effects might be deeper and more prolonged if the pandemic is more prolonged. The situation is potentially dire, especially in service sectors, where most women are employed in urban areas. Moreover, the High-Frequency Phone Survey shows that COVID-19 has notably impacted the households' income from enterprises and suggests that this negative impact is more prevalent for female-headed households. Although male- and female-headed households are using common coping strategies during the pandemic, female-headed households in rural and urban areas have been more reliant on aid from family and friends and less reliant on savings, credit, or the sale of assets.
CGE Model --- Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Economic Impact --- Employment and Unemployment --- Female Labor Force Participation --- Female-Headed Household --- Gender --- Gender and Development --- Gender and Economics --- Gender and Poverty --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household Survey --- Income Loss --- Inequality --- Pandemic Impact --- Phone Survey --- Poverty Reduction --- Wage Gap
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted Chad's economic recovery, which started in 2018. GDP contracted by 0.9 percent in 2020. Agriculture and the oil sector remained the main drivers of growth, contributing 1.1 percentage points, while services contracted (contributing -2.0 percent). The impact of containment measures on domestic supply chains pushed up prices, and inflation rose from -1.0 percent in 2019 to 3.5 percent in 2020. Both the fiscal and current account balances deteriorated substantially, and difficulties in financing fiscal deficit may have led to further domestic arrears' buildup. Given the lack of fiscal space and large financing requirements, bold actions are needed. In this regard, the government could first strengthen economic diversification to enlarge the fiscal base, by removing bottlenecks to livestock exports, adopting business-friendly reform to support the private sector, and strengthening fiscal administration and policy for better revenue collection. Second, the government could improve its spending efficiency to deliver quality service under declining resources by enhancing the selection process, the planning and designing of investment projects, and improving public spending efficiency in health and education. Finally, the government should improve debt sustainability by strengthening its management and transparency.
Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Economic Growth --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Sector Development
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In this book, senior experts from across the world provide a comprehensive analysis of the conditions needed for AfCFTA to successfully spur economic development in Africa. The book is an essential read for policy makers, development practitioners, economics researchers and everyone with an interest in the future of Africa.
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Up to February 2020, Chad's economy continued its gradual, but mild recovery, supported by a substantial increase in oil and agriculture production. Since March 2020, like in the rest of the world, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed Chad's macroeconomic outlook. Chad's economic prospects have not only been clouded, but they remain subject to considerable downside risks. To mitigate the negative impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Chad, the authorities announced economic and social measures to support households and private companies in recent months. The authorities are to continue to strengthen some measures already taken while introducing new measures to protect lives, livelihoods, and the future.
Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies --- Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Debt Restructuring --- Economic Growth --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Inequality --- Living Standards --- Macroeconomic Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction
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