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The Islamic political party Pan-Malaysia Islamic Party (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia, PAS) has governed the state of Kelantan on the northeastern coast of peninsular Malaysia for most of Malaysia's post-independence history. Until 2020, PAS functioned as an opposition party at the federal level, going against the government led by its long-time nemesis the politically stronger and better resourced United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). The David-versus-Goliath story has made PAS's longevity and durability in Kelantan all the more impressive for having endured decades of marginalization by the federal government. This has to an extent led to the state's laggard developmental growth and poor socio-economic indicators.

PAS has often been portrayed by the mainstream media as an anachronistic and extremist party ill-equipped to cope with, much less solve, the myriad challenges faced by modern society. Notwithstanding PAS's shortcomings, this article provides an analysis of the factors that have allowed the party to remain in power in Kelantan for so long. It argues that after winning back Kelantan from UMNO in 1990, PAS transformed itself into a modern, well-oiled political machine, particularly when it comes to socializing its agenda to the people of Kelantan and reaching out to many out-of-state Kelantan voters.

Political parties --- Parti Islam Semalaysia. --- Malaysia. --- Malaysia --- Politics and government. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / Campaigns & Elections.

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This is an open access book. Each country in Southeast Asia has experienced numerous adversities, from pandemic and disasters, to inequalities and threats to democracy. Adding to these challenges, are our common experience of colonialism where its legacies still resonate in the present. Despite these challenges, Southeast Asia continue to participate in global commitments geared towards realizing sustainable development, democracy, and countervailing the imbalance global power relation. Furthermore, Southeast Asia has been the center of studies that critically examined the global power of knowledge production. Categories of 'developing, undeveloped, or third world' have been largely questioned, as these categories created more segregation and reflected Orientalist notion rather than acknowledging countries of Southeast Asia and others as a distinct entity. Under this backdrop, the conference will explore these important questions: what makes Southeast Asia resilient? Why? What brought Southeast Asia together as 'Southeast Asia'? What are the challenges for Southeast Asia today? How do we overcome them? How does Southeast Asia contest and cooperate with global powers within the international network? This conference will bring together academics, educators, activists, or even policy makers who work on Southeast Asia to discuss those questions. Experts within and outside the countries of Southeast Asia are welcome to share their research and knowledge on various issues about the region.

Southeast Asia --- Asia, Southeast --- Asia, Southeastern --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- Social conditions --- Foreign relations