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Hauptbeschreibung Angesichts einer drohenden Veränderung des Weltklimas wurde die Notwendigkeit erkannt, den Ausstoß klimarelevanter Spurengase, insbesondere CO2, zu reduzieren. Ein Weg dazu könnte in der Substitution von Energieträgern bestehen, wobei sich der Elektrizitätserzeugungssektor als größter CO2-Emittent anbietet. Differenzierte Energiesteuern könnten als umweltpolitisches Instrument dienen, um solche Substitutionsvorgänge auszulösen. Wie stark der Energieträgermix darauf reagieren würde bzw. wie hoch entsprechende Steuersätze gewählt werden müssten, stellt dabei eine emp

Electric power production --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric. --- Environmental aspects. --- Atmospheric greenhouse effect --- Atmospheric temperature --- Heat budget (Geophysics) --- Infrared albedo --- Solar radiation --- Global warming --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Brennstoffwirtschaft --- Makroökonomie --- Wirtschaftspolitik --- Kohlendioxidbelastung --- Elektrizitätswirtschaft --- Finanzpolitik

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This paper examines the sustainability of weight loss achieved through cash rewards and, for the first time, the potential of monetary incentives to prevent weight cycling. In a three period randomized controlled trial, about 700 obese persons were assigned to two treatment groups, which were promised different cash rewards contingent on the achievement of an individually assigned target weight, and to a control group. Successful participants were subsequently allocated to two treatment groups offered different monetary incentives for maintaining the previously achieved target weight and to a control group. This is the first experiment of this kind that finds sustainable effects of weight loss rewards on the body weight of the obese even 18 months after the rewards were removed. Additional incentives to maintain an achieved body weight improve the sustainability of weight loss only while are in place.

Education --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Science and Technology Development