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There is unequivocal experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence demonstrating a correlation between diet and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While nutritionally-poor diets can have a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, dietary interventions with specific nutrients and/or functional foods are considered cost-effective and efficient components of prevention strategies. It has been estimated that nutritional factors may be responsible for approximately 40% of all CVD. Indeed, in one of the seminal studies conducted on modifiable risk factors and heart health (the INTERHEART study), >90% of all myocardial infarctions were attributed to preventable environmental factors with nutrition identified as one of the important determinants of CVD. There is an increasing public interest in and scientific investigation into establishing dietary approaches that can be undertaken for the prevention and treatment of CVD. This Special Issue provides an insight into the influential role of nutrition and dietary habits on cardiovascular health and disease, as well as their mechanisms of therapeutic and preventive action.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- magnesium deficiency --- arterial hypertension --- vascular tone --- arterial stiffness --- vascular remodeling --- insulin resistance --- magnesium supplementation --- dietary magnesium intake --- Zeb2 --- cardiac fibroblast --- activated myofibroblast --- cardiac fibrosis --- fibroblast contractility --- fish oil --- omega-3 fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- cardiovascular disease --- irisin --- pediatric --- children --- nutrition --- diet --- body composition --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity, neonates --- Mediterranean diet --- inflammation --- nutrients --- polyphenols --- MUFA --- PUFA --- bioactive compounds --- phytosterols --- dietary pattern --- Aronia melanocarpa --- standardized extract --- dietary strategies --- supplementation --- cocaine --- cardiovascular health --- heart disease --- acute effects --- chronic effects --- marinobufagenin --- ouabain --- salt --- hypertension --- fibrosis --- Panax quinquefolius --- ginseng berry --- myocardial infarction --- phenolic compounds --- vascular aging --- vascular calcification --- arteriosclerosis --- Klotho --- chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer --- diabetes --- heart failure --- micronutrients --- iron --- vitamins --- trace elements --- vitamin D --- seasonal variation --- lifestyle --- cytokines --- lipids --- mechanisms --- immunoregulatory --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- coronary heart disease --- stretching --- TGF-β1 --- n/a

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There is unequivocal experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence demonstrating a correlation between diet and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While nutritionally-poor diets can have a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, dietary interventions with specific nutrients and/or functional foods are considered cost-effective and efficient components of prevention strategies. It has been estimated that nutritional factors may be responsible for approximately 40% of all CVD. Indeed, in one of the seminal studies conducted on modifiable risk factors and heart health (the INTERHEART study), >90% of all myocardial infarctions were attributed to preventable environmental factors with nutrition identified as one of the important determinants of CVD. There is an increasing public interest in and scientific investigation into establishing dietary approaches that can be undertaken for the prevention and treatment of CVD. This Special Issue provides an insight into the influential role of nutrition and dietary habits on cardiovascular health and disease, as well as their mechanisms of therapeutic and preventive action.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- magnesium deficiency --- arterial hypertension --- vascular tone --- arterial stiffness --- vascular remodeling --- insulin resistance --- magnesium supplementation --- dietary magnesium intake --- Zeb2 --- cardiac fibroblast --- activated myofibroblast --- cardiac fibrosis --- fibroblast contractility --- fish oil --- omega-3 fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- cardiovascular disease --- irisin --- pediatric --- children --- nutrition --- diet --- body composition --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity, neonates --- Mediterranean diet --- inflammation --- nutrients --- polyphenols --- MUFA --- PUFA --- bioactive compounds --- phytosterols --- dietary pattern --- Aronia melanocarpa --- standardized extract --- dietary strategies --- supplementation --- cocaine --- cardiovascular health --- heart disease --- acute effects --- chronic effects --- marinobufagenin --- ouabain --- salt --- hypertension --- fibrosis --- Panax quinquefolius --- ginseng berry --- myocardial infarction --- phenolic compounds --- vascular aging --- vascular calcification --- arteriosclerosis --- Klotho --- chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer --- diabetes --- heart failure --- micronutrients --- iron --- vitamins --- trace elements --- vitamin D --- seasonal variation --- lifestyle --- cytokines --- lipids --- mechanisms --- immunoregulatory --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- coronary heart disease --- stretching --- TGF-β1 --- magnesium deficiency --- arterial hypertension --- vascular tone --- arterial stiffness --- vascular remodeling --- insulin resistance --- magnesium supplementation --- dietary magnesium intake --- Zeb2 --- cardiac fibroblast --- activated myofibroblast --- cardiac fibrosis --- fibroblast contractility --- fish oil --- omega-3 fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- cardiovascular disease --- irisin --- pediatric --- children --- nutrition --- diet --- body composition --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity, neonates --- Mediterranean diet --- inflammation --- nutrients --- polyphenols --- MUFA --- PUFA --- bioactive compounds --- phytosterols --- dietary pattern --- Aronia melanocarpa --- standardized extract --- dietary strategies --- supplementation --- cocaine --- cardiovascular health --- heart disease --- acute effects --- chronic effects --- marinobufagenin --- ouabain --- salt --- hypertension --- fibrosis --- Panax quinquefolius --- ginseng berry --- myocardial infarction --- phenolic compounds --- vascular aging --- vascular calcification --- arteriosclerosis --- Klotho --- chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer --- diabetes --- heart failure --- micronutrients --- iron --- vitamins --- trace elements --- vitamin D --- seasonal variation --- lifestyle --- cytokines --- lipids --- mechanisms --- immunoregulatory --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- coronary heart disease --- stretching --- TGF-β1

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Phospholipases generate lipid signaling molecules through their hydrolytic action on phospholipids and are known to regulate function of a variety of cells under normal and diseased conditions. While several physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques have identified key players involved in different disease processes, phospholipases have also emerged as critical players in the pathogenesis of a number of different diseases including cancer and heart disease. In addition, phospholipases are also implicated in such conditions as brain disorder/injury, kidney and immune cell dysfunction. Phospholipases in Health and Disease is a compilation of review articles dedicated to the study of the field with respect to biochemical and molecular mechanisms of normal and abnormal cell function. The wide range of area covered here is of interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students, who are engaged in studying pathophysiological basis of a variety of diseases. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of the different phospholipases as therapeutic targets as well as part of prevention strategies. Twenty three articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to emphasize the most characterized forms of the phospholipases in mammalian cells. The first section discusses general aspect of phospholipases. Section two covers the role and function of phospholipase A in different pathophysiological conditions. The third section is focussed on phospholipase C which is believed to play a central role in transmembrane signaling. The final section covers phospholipase D which is present in a variety of different cells. The book illustrates that the activation of phospholipases is of fundamental importance in signal transduction affecting cell function. Overall, this book discusses the diverse mechanisms of phospholipase mediated signal transduction in different pathophysiological conditions and raises the possibility of specific forms of phospholipases serving as novel targets for drug development.

Biomembranes --- Histology. Cytology --- Enzymology --- Molecular biology --- Biology --- Semiology. Diagnosis. Symptomatology --- Neuropathology --- Human medicine --- lipiden --- celmembranen --- membranen (biologie) --- neurologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- cholesterol --- biotechnologie --- cytologie --- moleculaire biologie --- enzymen

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Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults as well as in obese children. This book will provide a description of the impact of obesity on the cardiovascular system and increased predisposition to CVD. It will identify the major biochemical mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of myocardial abnormalities and vascular alterations in obesity. We will also have some discussion on the biochemistry of the so-called obesity paradox in relation to CVD. The contributors to this book are international experts on obesity and associated cardiovascular complications. This book is also uniquely positioned as it focuses on the biochemistry of obesity-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. There are 20 chapters in 2 different parts in this book, comprising of Part A: Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Complications in Obesity (11 chapters) and Part B: Modification of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in obesity (9 chapters). The intent of this volume is to provide current and basic understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of obesity induced cardiovascular dysfunction that will be of value not only to cardiologists and other allied health professionals, but will also stimulate and motivate biomedical researchers and scientists to find the way to prevent the epidemic of obesity associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Furthermore, this book will serve as a highly useful resource for medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students with an interest in the cardiovascular system. In summary, this book covers a broad range of biochemical mechanisms of obesity-induced cardiovascular complications. We hope that the reader will understand that obesity is linked to an increase in the risk and occurrence of fatal CVD. Furthermore, the underlying message presented in the book is that the cause of obesity related disorders is complex and that understanding the biochemistry of cardiovascular dysfunction may contribute to the development of novel interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity associated comorbidities.

Human physiology. --- Human Physiology. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Cardiovascular system --- Diseases. --- Cardiovascular diseases

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This book of the series on “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” includes state-of-the-art information on the status of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the form of 24 chapters. This book has been organized into three sections: (i) General Implications of RAS in human health and Infectious Diseases, (ii) Lung, Liver and Kidney Diseases, and (iii) Development of Cancer. Each chapter has discussed comprehensive knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular aspects of the role of RAS in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of different disease processes. Biochemical mechanisms associated with angiotensin II type 1 and type II receptors, and angiotensin (1-7) MAS receptors for the occurrence of both harmful and beneficial effects of prolonged activation of RAS in different diseases have been outlined. It is noteworthy to point out that different chapter in this book were prepared by recognized global expertise in the area of inflammation, oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways to highlight the role of RAS in different diseases. It is our sincere hope that this book will be of great interest to both biomedical investigators and health professionals as well as graduate students and postdoctoral fellows all over the world.

Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Human physiology. --- Cancer. --- Cancer—Treatment. --- Virology. --- Therapeutics. --- Biomedical Research. --- Human Physiology. --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancer Therapy. --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine --- Microbiology --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Renin-angiotensin system. --- Hormone therapy. --- Endocrine therapy --- Hormones --- Therapeutics --- RA system --- RAA system --- RAAS (Physiology) --- RAS (Physiology) --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- Aldosterone --- Angiotensins --- Renin --- Water-electrolyte balance (Physiology) --- Blood pressure --- Therapeutic use --- Regulation --- Medicine --- Biology --- Cancer --- Research. --- Treatment. --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Health Workforce