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This fundamental book on interfacial phenomena forms the basis of application of interface and colloid science to various disperse systems. These include suspensions, emulsions, nano-dispersions, wetting, spreading, deposition and adhesion of particles to surfaces. These systems occur in most industrial applications, such as personal care and cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical systems particularly for controlled and targeted delivery of drugs, agrochemical formulations and enhancement of their biological performance, paints and coatings as well as most food formulations. These applications are described in volume 2. The text is very valuable for formulation chemists, chemical engineers and technologies who are involved in such applications. In addition this fundamental text is also valuable for research scientists and Ph.D. students investigating various aspects of interface and colloid science.

Surfaces (Technology) --- Solid-liquid interfaces --- Chemistry, Technical --- Colloids --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical Engineering --- Dispersoids --- Gels --- Hydrogels --- Sols --- Amorphous substances --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Diffusion --- Matter --- Micelles --- Particles --- Rheology --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Liquid-solid interfaces --- Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Characterization of surface --- Surface analysis --- Surface characterization --- Analytical chemistry --- Analysis --- Industrial applications --- Properties --- Solid-liquid interfaces. --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Analysis. --- Industrial applications. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Nanotechnology. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy.

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This volume provides the knowledge that is essential for the composition of the complex multi-phase systems used varied areas of application. It enables the physical and formulation chemist as well as the chemical engineer in designing the formulation on the basis of a rational approach, and the formulation scientist to better understanding the factors responsible for producing a stable product with optimum application conditions.

Solid-liquid interfaces. --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Colloids --- Surfaces --- Curved surfaces --- Geometry --- Shapes --- Dispersoids --- Gels --- Hydrogels --- Sols --- Amorphous substances --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Diffusion --- Matter --- Micelles --- Particles --- Rheology --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Liquid-solid interfaces --- Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Industrial applications. --- Analysis. --- Properties

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General introduction - Definition of nanodispersions (nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, swollen micelles or microemulsions, liposomes and vesicles) and their size range. General description of their colloid stability. Main advantages of nanodispersions and their industrial applications.Preparation of nanosuspensions by top-up process - Nucleation and growth and control of particle size distribution. Factors determining the formation of narrow particle size distribution. Role of surfactants and polymers. Preparation of nano-polymer colloids (lattices) by emulsion and dispersion polymerization. Factors affects the stability of nanosuspensions.Preparation of nanosuspensions by bottom down process - Dispersion of preformed particles in liquids and the need of a wetting agent. Break-up of aggregates and agglomerates by application of high speed stirrers. Reduction of particle size by application of intense energy (microfluidization or bead milling). Maintenance of the colloid stability of the resulting particles. Reduction of Ostwald ripening.Industrial applications of nanosuspensions - Application in pharmacy to enhance bioavailability, Application in sunscreens for UV protection. Application in paints and coatings.Preparation of nanoemulsions by the use of high pressure homogenisers - Principles of emulsion formation and the role of the emulsifier. Selection of emulsifiers. Methods of emulsification and prevention of coalescence during emulsification. Origin of colloid stability of nanoemulsions. Prevention of Ostwald ripeningLow energy methods for nanoemulsion preparation - The phase inversion composition method and the role of mixing the surfactant with oil and water. The phase inversion temperature method for preparation of nanoemulsions. Preparation of nanoemulsions by dilution of microemulsions.Practical examples of nanoemulsions and their industrial application - Nanoemulsions based on non-ionic surfactants and the role of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Effect of oil solubility on the stabilityof nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions based on polymeric surfactants. Applications in pharmacy and cosmetics.Swollen micelles or microemulsionsDefinition of microemulsions and their size range. Thermodynamic definition of microemulstions. Theories of microemulsion formation and stability. Characterisation of microemulsions using scattering, conductivity and NMR rechniques.Formulation of microemulsions and their industrial applications - Distinction between microemulsions and macroemulsions. Formulation of oil/water and water/oil microemulsions. Selection of emulsifiers for microemulsions. Application of microemulsions in tertiary oil recovery.Liposomes and vesicles - Formation of multilamellar lipid layers (liposomes) by dispersion of lipids in water. Formation of unilamellar vesicles by sonication of the liposomes. Factors responsible for stabilisation of liposomes and vesicles. Use of block copolymers to enhance the stability of vesicles. Applications of liposomes and vesicles in pharmacy and cosmetics.

Dispersion. --- Liposomes. --- Suspensions (Chemistry) --- Nanotechnology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Dispersion --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Phospholipid vesicles --- Bilayer lipid membranes --- Cytoplasm --- Phospholipids --- Optics

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Formulations starts with a general introduction, explaining interaction forces between particles and droplets, self-assembly systems, polymeric surfactants and nanoemulsions. The second part covers the industrial examples ranging from foams, soaps over to hair care, sunscreen and make-up products. Combines information needed by formulation chemists as well as researchers in the cosmetic industry due the increasing number of products.

Cosmetics. --- Soap. --- Toilet preparations. --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Toiletries --- Hygiene products --- Cosmetics --- Soaps --- Cleaning compounds --- Beauty aids --- Complexion --- Make-up (Cosmetics) --- Makeup (Cosmetics) --- Costume --- Beauty, Personal --- Beauty culture --- Toilet preparations

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Volume 1 of the Handbook of Colloid and Interface Science is a survey of the theory of colloids in a variety of fields, as well as theircharacterization by rheology. It is an ideal reference work for research scientists, universities, and industry practitioners looking for a complete understanding of how colloids and interfaces behave.

Colloids. --- Surface chemistry. --- Chemistry, Surface --- Interfaces, Chemistry of --- Surface phenomena --- Surfaces (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Capillarity --- Surface energy --- Surface tension --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Dispersoids --- Gels --- Hydrogels --- Sols --- Amorphous substances --- Diffusion --- Matter --- Micelles --- Particles --- Rheology --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Properties