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In the last 45 years, X-ray astronomy has become an integral part of modern astrophysics and cosmology. There is a wide range of astrophysical objects and phenomena, where X-rays provide crucial diagnostics. In particular they are well suited to study hot plasmas and matter under extreme physical conditions in compact objects. This book summarizes the present status of X-ray astronomy in terms of observational results and their astrophysical interpretation. It is written for students, astrophysicists as well a growing community of physicists interested in the field. An introduction including historical material is followed by chapters on X-ray astronomical instrumentation. The next two parts summarize in 17 chapters the present knowledge on various classes of X-ray sources in the galactic and extragalactic realm. While the X-ray astronomical highlights discussed in this book are mainly based on results from ROSAT, ASCA, RXTE, BeppoSAX, Chandra and XMM-Newton, a final chapter provides an outlook on observational capabilities and projects discussed for the future.

Astronomy. --- X-ray astronomy. --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Astronomy --- Space astronomy --- X-rays --- Astrophysics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Quantum theory. --- Particle acceleration. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Acceleration --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Space sciences. --- Heavy ions. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Ions --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical