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Hervorming (Luther, e.a.) --- Reformatie --- Reformation --- Réforme (Luther e.a.) --- Alchemy --- Apocalyptic literature --- Reformation. --- Alchimie --- Littérature apocalyptique --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- History and criticism. --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Histoire et critique --- Littérature apocalyptique --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- History --- History and criticism --- Protestant Reformation --- Church history --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Metals, Transmutation of --- Philosophers' egg --- Philosophers' stone --- Stone, Philosophers' --- Transmutation of metals --- Chemistry --- Occultism

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This study concerns the late Renaissance metaphysics of light in its adoption to a Paracelsian alchemical context by John Dee, Heinrich Khunrath, Michael Maier and Robert Fludd. Their alchemical theosophy is contextualised within Protestant reformism of the 1590s to 1620s, specifically that of Valentin Weigel and Johannes Arndt. This results in a re-assessment of the Rosicrucian movement which challenges the existing historiography and problematises the character of the movement. The volume includes fifty illustrations from alchemical treatises of the period, the emphasis being placed on Khunrath's Amphiteatrum Sapientiae Aeternae (1595-1609). In an innovative manner, the study investigates these images using analytical tools drawn from semiotics, structuralism and post-structuralism. This method yields an unusual interpretation of the geometry, optical diagrams and spatial structures employed in such alchemical engravings.

Semiotics --- Religious studies --- Geometry --- anno 1500-1799 --- Alchemy --- Occultism --- Symbolism --- Representation, Symbolic --- Symbolic representation --- Mythology --- Emblems --- Signs and symbols --- Art, Black (Magic) --- Arts, Black (Magic) --- Black art (Magic) --- Black arts (Magic) --- Occult, The --- Occult sciences --- Supernatural --- New Age movement --- Parapsychology --- Metals, Transmutation of --- Philosophers' egg --- Philosophers' stone --- Stone, Philosophers' --- Transmutation of metals --- Chemistry

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Architecture, Renaissance --- Art, Renaissance --- Architecture, Baroque

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This book explores the history of art and architecture in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 18th century to the uprising against the Russian occupation of 1863-64. It serves to introduce the English-language reader to research produced by East European scholars. The geographical area under discussion consists of the modern nation states of Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, which from 1772 were incorporated into the empires of Russia, Austria, and Prussia. One of the major questions raised is, what became of the old Commonwealth's artistic and cultural traditions under the rule of these alien powers? The book strives to do justice to the history of all the national groups involved, even though the region was heavily Polonised from the 16th century onwards. The art, architecture, and culture introduced from western Europe are analysed in their effects not only on Polish culture, but also on that of the Orthodox and Uniate Ruthenians (Ukrainians), on the Jewish settlement and on those of the Karaime and Islamic Tatars. An additional concern is the history, art and architecture of the Baltic Germans in the Latvian region. The book suggests a critical approach involving alternative models to those of nationalistic schools of art. It is geography that dictates the writing of history, rather than national identity.

Architecture, Baroque --- Art, Baroque.