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Genocide --- Crimes against humanity --- State-sponsored terrorism. --- Mass murderers --- Génocide --- Crimes contre l'humanité --- Terrorisme d'Etat --- Tueurs de masse --- Psychology --- Psychologie --- State-sponsored terrorism --- Mass murder --- Psychological aspects --- Génocide --- Crimes contre l'humanité --- State-sponsored terrorism - Psychological aspects --- Mass murder - Psychological aspects --- Mass murderers - Psychology

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An incisive exploration of why acts of mass annihilation take place and how people become mass killers By historical standards, the early years of the twenty-first century have been remarkably peaceful. Only rarely are people killed by their own kind, and only very, very rarely are they killed by other animals, microorganisms excepted. Nevertheless, even though the statistics should reassure, many people worry about lone killers, murderous gangs, and terrorist bands. At the same time, most people are vaguely aware that even in this relatively calm era, wars have made countless victims. Yet mass violence against unarmed civilians has claimed three to four times as many lives in the past century as war: one hundred million at least, and possibly many more. These large-scale killings have required the efforts of hundreds of thousands of perpetrators. Such men (and almost all were males) were ready to kill, indiscriminately, for many hours a day, for days and weeks at a stretch, and sometimes for months or even years. Unlike common criminals who work outside the mainstream of society, in secret, on their own or with a few accomplices, mass murderers almost always worked in large teams, with full knowledge of the authorities and on their orders. Without exception, they operated within a supportive social context, most often firmly embedded in the institutions of the ruling regime. Unlike terrorists, the mass murderers usually did not want their deeds to be widely known. How people are enrolled in the service of evil is a question that lies at the heart of this trenchant book. The subject here is mass annihilation-that is, massive, asymmetric violence at close range, where killers and victims are in direct confrontation. Abram de Swaan offers a taxonomy of mass violence that focuses on the rank-and-file perpetrators, examining how murderous regimes recruit them and create what De Swaan calls the "killing compartments" that make possible the worst abominations without apparent moral misgiving, without a sense of personal responsibility, and, above all, without pity. De Swaan wonders where extreme violence comes from and where it goes-seemingly without a trace-when the wild and barbaric gore is over. And what about the perpetrators themselves? Are they merely and only the product of external circumstance? Or is there something in their makeup that helps them become mass murderers? Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, history, and psychology, De Swaan sheds light on an urgent and seemingly intractable pathology that continues to poison peoples all over the world.

Mass murder. --- State-sponsored terrorism. --- Mass murder --- Mass murderers --- Mass killers --- Murderers --- Government violence --- Governmental violence --- State-sponsored violence --- State terrorism --- Violence, Governmental --- Violence, State-sponsored --- Political atrocities --- Terrorism --- Multicide --- Murder, Mass --- Murder --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology. --- State-sponsored terrorism

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Mutual funds --- Microfinance.

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Ce livre, aussi rigoureux qu'inventif, offre une perspective stimulante sur les questions de " l'internationalisation " et de " la mondialisation ". Il prend les choses à rebours : il s'intéresse aux institutions nationales mais au lieu d'adopter pour cela un point de vue lui-même national, Abram de Swaan fait apparaître que les États-nations et leurs institutions sont inextricablement imbriqués dans des structures transnationales souvent remarquablement prégnantes. Même dans des domaines considérés comme relevant par excellence des affaires intérieures, les questions de langue et du système scolaire par exemple, de Swaan révèle de manière inattendue le primat des structures transnationales. Les analyses des pratiques culturelles ou des programmes d'enseignement actuels et futurs qui se placent spontanément dans les limites des frontières nationales, oublient le caractère primordial de leur inscription dans ce qu'on peut concevoir comme une société transnationale émergente. Ce livre change ainsi radicalement la perspective dominante en sciences sociales et renouvelle la compréhension de plusieurs questions centrales notamment pour la poursuite de la construction européenne.

Transnationalism --- Globalization --- Multiculturalism --- Transnationalisme --- Politique et gouvernement --- Nation et mondialisation. --- Civilisation et mondialisation. --- Éducation et mondialisation. --- Système éducatif. --- Sociologie. --- Démocratie. --- Art.