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Sponsored by the Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering Committee of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Forward Osmosis: Fundamentals and Applications presents the principles and implementation challenges of low-energy desalination technology for producing potable and nonpotable water. In forward osmosis (FO), a saline feed solution passes through a semipermeable membrane toward a draw solution; water then may be separated from the draw solution. Although FO technology has advanced in recent years, much work remains to be done to develop suitable membranes and draw solutions that can easily and efficiently produce drinking water. Written by leading experts from around the world, this book describes the basic concepts of FO technology and discusses modeling and element design. Several different types of draw solution are explored, and recently developed FO membranes are assessed. The physical, chemical, and biological aspects of membrane fouling are examined. A variety of FO applications are explored, including desalination, water reclamation, membrane bioreactors, mining wastewater, fertigation, and landfill leachate. The removal of pollutants, such as emerging contaminants, boron, and heavy metals, is also addressed. Contributors also critically assess the limitations of specific FO technologies and suggest ways of overcoming these limitations. This book on the use of forward osmosis for clean water will be an essential reference for water and environmental engineering practitioners, as well as environmental managers, government officials, and students.

Water --- Saline water conversion. --- Osmosis --- Membranes --- Chemical processes --- Industrial wastes --- Water reclamation --- Water treatment --- Desalination --- Fouling --- Purification --- Membrane filtration.

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Sponsored by the Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. This report provides up-to-date technical information and state-of-the-art research findings on the use of zero-valent iron reactive materials to remove contaminants frequently found in groundwater. Covering both the theoretical and the practical, this book covers the comprehensive principles, latest research findings, and innovative developments in hazardous waste and inorganics removal. To establish a basic understanding of the reactive materials, the scientific principles of chemical reduction reactions, reductive precipitation, and adsorption processes are explained. Then the book describes the design methodology for the full-scale application of zero-valent iron in contaminated sites, as well as approaches to performance evaluation of the reactive materials. The book includes case studies and covers the design, installation, and performance evaluation of permeable reactive barriers based on zero-valent iron. This book will be beneficial to engineers, scientists, and decision makers applying zero-valent iron for hazardous waste and inorganics removal.

Groundwater --- Hazardous waste site remediation. --- Membrane separation. --- Iron --- Ionic solutions. --- Iron compounds --- Hazardous substances --- Hazardous wastes --- Radioactive wastes --- Radioactive materials --- Permeability (material) --- Water treatment --- Purification. --- Oxidation.

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Sponsored by the Hazardous Waste Committee of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Chelating Agents for Land Decontamination Technologies examines the application of chelating agents for the treatment of soil contaminated with metals. Contaminated land remediation is a widespread and costly problem, and the traditional excavation-and-disposal treatment method is not a sustainable solution.  Chelating agents (organic compounds that can bind metal ions) are an attractive new technology for land decontamination, because chelating agents enhance metal extraction from contaminated soil or sediment and facilitate metal mobility in subsurface soils. Chapters in this book cover the process fundamentals as well as engineering applications and recent advances for the use of chelating agents in soil washing, soil flushing, phytoremediation, and electrokinetic remediation. They address the application of chelating agents for both ex situ and in situ soil remediation technologies. The extensive use of illustrations and summary tables is combined with up-to-date references. This compilation of engineering applications and research findings for different chelating agent–enhanced remediation technologies will be useful to environmental engineers, scientists, and decision makers regarding contaminated land remediation. 

Soil remediation. --- Chelates. --- Soils --- Heavy metals --- Soil pollution --- Soil treatment --- Aging (material) --- Mitigation and remediation --- Soil analysis --- Soil properties --- Waste treatment --- Heavy metal content. --- Environmental aspects.

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Sponsored by the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Climate Change Modeling, Mitigation, and Adaptation presents the most current thinking on the environmental mechanisms that contribute to global climate change and explores scientifically grounded steps to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The significant contribution by greenhouse gas emissions to global climate change has been well-documented, but efforts to address climate change often focus on technologies that reduce the creation of additional emissions. This narrow focus leaves other important climate change issues unexplored, namely: Can we predict future climate change? Can we do anything to mitigate its effects? Are there strategies to adapt to the new climate realities? Written by leading experts from around the world, these 25 chapters provide comprehensive information about the emission of greenhouse gases and climate change. Chapters examine the issues from three standpoints: basic science and vulnerability assessment; modeling and prediction; and reducing or adapting to the negative impacts on humankind and the ecosystem. Topics include: role of greenhouse gas emissions on our ecosystems; impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change; temperature and precipitation trends influenced by climate change; modeling tools to diagnose climate change and identify undertainty in climate change modeling; strategies to mitigate climate change effects; and strategies to adapt to the new climate realities. Practicing engineers, environmental managers, and government officials will consult this book as an essential guide to help mitigate the effects of climate change.

Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Climatic changes --- Climate change --- Mitigation and remediation --- Emissions --- Carbon dioxide --- Hydrologic models --- Thermal pollution --- Dissolved gases --- Climates --- India --- Asia --- Mathematical models. --- Social aspects.

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Sponsored by the Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCEBiodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies, and source materials for biodiesel production, as well as socioeconomic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. As industrialization and population increases, the need for energy is also increasing. Petroleum diesel is a major fuel source worldwide that possesses many disadvantages including decreasing fossil fuel reserves and increasing atmospheric pollution. These pollutants have significant negative impacts on the global environment and human health. Thus, it is imperative to develop alternate fuels and renewable sources of energy that are environmentally sustainable, with biodegradability, low toxicity, and renewability and are less reliant on petroleum products.This book presents a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Topics includeHistory, composition, physicochemical properties, and standards; General methods and applications of raw materials;Extraction of lipids from the oil-bearing materials;Nanotechnology and genetic engineering;Conventional methods and use of resins and adsorbents for purification; Management of coproducts; Economic evaluation and environmental impacts; andSocioeconomic and political considerations. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book to be an essential reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production.

Biodiesel fuels. --- Petroleum --- Engineering profession --- Material properties --- Non-renewable energy --- Management methods --- Hazardous substances --- Toxicity --- Water resources