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Science --- Sciences --- Philosophy. --- Methodology. --- Philosophie --- Méthodologie --- Philosophie des sciences --- Épistémologie --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Méthodologie --- Philosophie des sciences. --- Épistémologie. --- Théorie de la connaissance. --- Méthodologie. --- Science - Philosophy. --- Science - Methodology. --- Épistémologie. --- Théorie de la connaissance. --- Méthodologie.

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This Element has two main aims. The first one (sections 1-7) is an historically informed review of the philosophy of probability. It describes recent historiography, lays out the distinction between subjective and objective notions, and concludes by applying the historical lessons to the main interpretations of probability. The second aim (sections 8-13) focuses entirely on objective probability, and advances a number of novel theses regarding its role in scientific practice. A distinction is drawn between traditional attempts to interpret chance, and a novel methodological study of its application. A radical form of pluralism is then introduced, advocating a tripartite distinction between propensities, probabilities and frequencies. Finally, a distinction is drawn between two different applications of chance in statistical modelling which, it is argued, vindicates the overall methodological approach. The ensuing conception of objective probability in practice is the 'complex nexus of chance'.

Probabilities --- Statistics --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Philosophy. --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science

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"Mauricio Suárez develops a conception of representation that delivers a compelling account of modeling practice. He begins by discussing the history and methodology of model building, helpfully charting the emergence of what he calls the modeling attitude, a nineteenth century and fin de siècle development. Throughout the book, prominent cases of models, both historical and contemporary, are used as benchmarks for the accounts of representation considered throughout the book. After arguing against reductive naturalist theories of scientific representation, Suárez sets out his own account: a case for pluralism regarding the means of representation and minimalism regarding its constituents. He shows that scientists employ a plurality of different modeling relations in their representational practice - which also help them to assess the accuracy of their representations - while demonstrating that there is nothing metaphysically deep about the constituent relation that encompasses all these diverse means. The book also probes the broad implications of Suárez's inferential conception outside scientific modeling itself, covering analogies with debates about artistic representation over the past several decades, as well as the consequences for epistemology of adopting an inferential conception of representation. His inferential conception is neutral between realism and instrumentalism, and he illustrates this by looking at, and briefly taking issue with, the epistemology of some of the most widely discussed philosophers in the literature"--

Science --- Science --- Representation (Philosophy) --- Inference --- Knowledge, Theory of

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This volume defends a novel approach to the philosophy of physics: it is the first book devoted to a comparative study of probability, causality, and propensity, and their various interrelations, within the context of contemporary physics -- particularly quantum and statistical physics. The philosophical debates and distinctions are firmly grounded upon examples from actual physics, thus exemplifying a robustly empiricist approach. The essays, by both prominent scholars in the field and promising young researchers, constitute a pioneer effort in bringing out the connections between probabilistic, causal and dispositional aspects of the quantum domain. The book will appeal to specialists in philosophy and foundations of physics, philosophy of science in general, metaphysics, ontology of physics theories, and philosophy of probability.

Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Statistical physics --- quantumfysica --- theoretische fysica --- filosofie --- epistomologie --- metafysica

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These volumes collect a selection of papers presented at the Founding Conference of the European Philosophy of Science Association meeting in Madrid. The volumes provide an excellent overview of the state of the art in philosophy of science as practised nowadays in different European countries.

Philosophy of science --- Science --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- Social sciences --- Biology-Philosophy. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Logic. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy of the Social Sciences. --- Philosophy of Biology. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Philosophy and science. --- Philosophy and social sciences. --- Biology—Philosophy. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Social sciences and philosophy --- Science and philosophy