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Computers in the Human Interaction Loop (CHIL) explores a new look at human interfaces, where computers become participants among humans interacting with humans, as opposed to a rigid human-machine interaction dialog. To do so, computers must become perceptually aware and learn to provide services proactively and unobtrusively based on an implicit understanding of human needs. The book integrates a wide range of research topics that represent key elements of this vision including audio-visual perceptual components for such environments; the design, implementation and analysis of novel proactive perceptive services supporting humans; the development of software architectures, ontologies and tools necessary for building such environments and services, as well as approaches for the evaluation of such technologies and services. Divided into five parts: Introduction, Perceptual Technologies, Services, Software Infrastructure, and an Outlook Beyond, the book is based on research carried out by the CHIL Consortium (Computers in the Human Interaction Loop). Based on the premise that machines need to understand the human context and human activities better, the focus is on how machines need to recognize, understand, adapt to and learn from human interests, activities, goals and aspirations, rather than humans having to adapt to machines. Those working in areas such as ambient intelligence, perceptual user interfaces, human-centred computing systems, and other areas of pervasive computing will find this a very valuable reference source.

Computers. --- Human-computer interaction. --- Human-computer interaction --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer science. --- Computer vision. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Computer-human interaction --- Human factors in computing systems --- Interaction, Human-computer --- Informatics --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Image processing. --- Computer Science. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Science --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human engineering --- User-centered system design --- User interfaces (Computer systems) --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Optical data processing. --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment

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During winter and spring 2006, the ?rst international CLEAR evaluation took place, which targets the evaluation of systems for the perception of people, their identities, activities, interactions and relationships in human-human inter- tion scenarios as well as related scenarios. As part of the evaluation, a two-day workshop was held during April 6-7, 2006, in Southampton, UK, in which the participating systems were presented and the evaluation results discussed in detail. This book contains the system description papers that were presented at the CLEAR 2006 workshop as well as an overview of the evaluation tasks and the results that were obtainedin eachof these by the various participants.The book also includes two invited papers about related evaluation activities that were presented at the workshop. TheCLEARevaluationcampaignandworkshopwasjointlyorganizedbythe Universit¨ atKarlsruhe,Germanyandthe USNationalInstitute ofStandardsand Technology (NIST). CLEAR 2006 was supported by the European Integrated Project CHIL Computersinthe HumanInteractionLoop aswellasthe USDTO Disruptive TechnologyO?ce-VACE-VideoAnalysisContentExtraction program,which jointly organizedpart of their perceptual technology evaluations within CLEAR 2006 for the ?rst time. CLEAR 2006 was thus sponsored by the European C- mission (Information Society Technologies priority of the Sixth Framework P- gramme) and the US DTO. CLEAR 2006 was also organized in cooperation with the NIST RT - Rich TranscriptionMeeting Recognitionevaluation,which focusedmore onthe eva- ation of content-related technologies, such as speech and video text recognition. CLEAR and RT shared some of their evaluation data sets, so that, for example, the speaker-localization results generated for CLEAR could be used for the f- ?eldspeech-to-texttaskinRT06.Thiswasfacilitatedthroughtheharmonization of the 2006 CLEAR and RT evaluation deadlines.

Complex analysis --- Mathematical statistics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- beeldverwerking --- factoranalyse --- biomathematica --- complexe analyse (wiskunde) --- biostatistiek --- grafische vormgeving --- biometrie --- robots

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Complex analysis --- Mathematical statistics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- beeldverwerking --- factoranalyse --- biomathematica --- complexe analyse (wiskunde) --- biostatistiek --- grafische vormgeving --- biometrie --- robots

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed joint post-workshop proceedings of two co-located events: the Second International Workshop on Classification of Events, Activities and Relationships, CLEAR 2007, and the 5th Rich Transcription 2007 Meeting Recognition evaluation, RT 2007, held in succession in Baltimore, MD, USA, in May 2007. The workshops had complementary evaluation efforts; CLEAR for the evaluation of human activities, events, and relationships in multiple multimodal data domains; and RT for the evaluation of speech transcription-related technologies from meeting room audio collections. The 35 revised full papers presented from CLEAR 2007 cover 3D person tracking, 2D face detection and tracking, person and vehicle tracking on surveillance data, vehicle and person tracking aerial videos, person identification, head pose estimation, and acoustic event detection. The 15 revised full papers presented from RT 2007 are organized in topical sections on speech-to-text, and speaker diarization.

Biometric identification --- Pattern recognition systems --- Imaging systems --- Human behavior --- Social interaction --- Technological innovations --- Evaluation --- Observations --- Data processing --- Radar --- Remote sensing --- Television --- Scanning systems --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Pattern perception --- Computer vision --- Biometric person authentication --- Biometrics (Identification) --- Anthropometry --- Identification --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Equipment and supplies --- Behavior --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer science. --- Computer vision. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer graphics. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Programming Techniques. --- Computer Applications. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Computer Graphics. --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Informatics --- Science --- Optical data processing --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Digital techniques --- Pattern recognition. --- Computer programming. --- Application software. --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Optical equipment --- Programming

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Biometric identification --- Pattern recognition systems --- Imaging systems --- Human behavior --- Social interaction --- Technological innovations --- Congresses. --- Evaluation --- Observations --- Data processing --- Computer Science --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human beings --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Biometric person authentication --- Biometrics (Identification) --- Behavior --- Computer science. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer graphics. --- Image processing. --- Pattern recognition. --- Biometrics (Biology). --- Computer Science. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Graphics. --- Biometrics. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Biological statistics --- Biology --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Optical data processing --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Informatics --- Science --- Statistical methods --- Digital techniques --- Foundations --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Pattern perception --- Computer vision --- Anthropometry --- Identification --- Radar --- Remote sensing --- Television --- Scanning systems --- Equipment and supplies --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer vision. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment