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We explore dynamics of limited attention in the $35 billion market for checking overdrafts, using survey content as shocks to the salience of overdraft fees. Conditional on selection into surveys, individuals who face overdraft-related questions are less likely to incur a fee in the survey month. Taking multiple overdraft surveys builds a “stock” of attention that reduces overdrafts for up to two years. The effects are significant among consumers with lower education and financial literacy. Consumers avoid overdrafts not by increasing balances but by making fewer debit transactions and cancelling automatic recurring withdrawals. The results raise new questions about consumer financial protection policy.
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Can a behavioral sufficient statistic empirically capture cross-consumer variation in behavioral tendencies and help identify whether behavioral biases, taken together, are linked to material consumer welfare losses? Our answer is yes. We construct simple consumer-level behavioral sufficient statistics--"B-counts"--by eliciting seventeen potential sources of behavioral biases per person, in a nationally representative panel, in two separate rounds nearly three years apart. B-counts aggregate information on behavioral biases within-person. Nearly all consumers exhibit multiple biases, in patterns assumed by behavioral sufficient statistic models (a la Chetty), and with substantial variation across people. B-counts are stable within-consumer over time, and that stability helps to address measurement error when using B-counts to model the relationship between biases, decision utility, and experienced utility. Conditional on classical inputs--risk aversion and patience, life-cycle factors and other demographics, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, and financial resources--B-counts strongly negatively correlate with both objective and subjective aspects of experienced utility. The results hold in much lower-dimensional models employing "Sparsity B-counts" based on bias subsets (a la Gabaix) and/or fewer covariates, illuminating lower-cost ways to use behavioral sufficient statistics to help capture the combined influence of multiple behavioral biases for a wide range of research questions and applications.
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Technological standards are a cornerstone of the modern information economy, affecting firm strategy, market performance and, by extension, economic growth. While there is general agreement that swift movement to superior technological standards is a worthwhile goal, there is much less agreement on the central policy questions: do markets choose efficient standards? How do standards organizations affect the development of standards? And finally, what constitutes appropriate public policy toward standards? In this volume, leading researchers in public policy on standards, including both academics and industry experts, focus on these key questions. Given the dearth of applied work on standards and public policy, this volume significantly advances the frontier of knowledge in this critical but understudied area. It will be essential reading for academic and industrial researchers as well as policymakers.
Telecommunication policy. --- Telecommunication --- Information technology --- Telecommunication and state --- Standards. --- Government policy --- public policy. --- standard. --- standardisation. --- information technology. --- telecommunications. --- industrial policy. --- Industriepolitik --- teollisuuspolitiikka --- beartas tionsclaíoch --- industriebeleid --- tööstuspoliitika --- pramonės politika --- politica industriale --- politika industrijali --- průmyslová politika --- индустријска политика --- política industrial --- rūpniecības politika --- iparpolitika --- индустриална политика --- industrijska politika --- politika industriale --- priemyselná politika --- politică industrială --- βιομηχανική πολιτική --- polityka przemysłowa --- industripolitik --- politique industrielle --- индустриска политика --- индустриска развојна програма --- Industriestrukturpolitik --- мерки за развој на индустријата --- piano industriale --- programma industriale --- telekommunikatsioon --- telecomunicații --- távközlés --- televiestintä --- telekomunikacioni --- telekomunikacijos --- телекомуникации --- telekomunikácie --- τηλεπικοινωνία --- telecomunicazione --- telekomunikacja --- teileachumarsáid --- télécommunication --- telekommunikation --- telecomunicación --- Telekommunikation --- telekomunikācija --- telekomunikazzjoni --- telecommunicatie --- телекомуникације --- telecomunicação --- telekomunikace --- telekomunikacije --- телекомуникациски оператор --- telekommunikationsnet --- telekommunikationsteknologi --- telekomunikacijske tehnologije --- teknologji telekomunikacioni --- telekommunikáció --- telekomunikāciju tehnoloģijas --- telekommunikatsioonitehnoloogia --- technologie des télécommunications --- Nachrichtenübermittlung --- telecomunicazione via etere --- telekommunikationsteknik --- Fernmeldewesen --- tecnologia das telecomunicações --- τεχνολογία των τηλεπικοινωνιών --- hírközlés --- telekomunikacijų technologija --- tālsakari --- telecommunications technology --- telekommunikációs technológia --- telekomunikačná technológia --- tecnología de las telecomunicaciones --- elektroničke komunikacije --- viestiliikenneteknologia --- telecomunicazione via cavo --- sistema di telecomunicazioni --- servizi di telecomunicazioni --- telekommunikationsmateriel --- tehnologii pentru telecomunicații --- távközlés-technológia --- Fernmeldetechnologie --- telekomunikační technologie --- telecommunicatietechnologie --- Informationstechnologie --- informaatioteknologia --- teknologjia e informacionit --- teicneolaíocht faisnéise --- infotehnoloogia --- tecnología de la información --- informatietechnologie --- tecnologia da informação --- informačná technológia --- информационна технология --- informationsteknologi --- teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni --- informācijas tehnoloģija --- technologie de l'information --- informační technologie --- tehnologia informației --- információtechnológia --- информатичка технологија --- информациона технологија --- informationsteknik --- τεχνολογία των πληροφοριών --- technologia informacyjna --- informacinė technologija --- tecnologia dell'informazione --- informacijska tehnologija --- sidetehnoloogia --- communications technology --- teknologji komunikacioni --- Kommunikationstechnologie --- Information and communication technologies --- technologie de la communication --- výpočetní technika --- komunikačná technológia --- komunikācijas tehnoloģijas --- informacijos technologija --- tehnologia comunicațiilor --- komunikační technologie --- technique de l'information --- ryšių priemonių technologija --- телекомуникациска технологија --- επικοινωνιακή τεχνολογία --- tecnologia da comunicação --- комуникациска технологија --- viestintäteknologia --- ICT --- tecnologia delle telecomunicazioni --- tecnologia delle comunicazioni --- informační technika --- tecnología de la comunicación --- obavijesna tehnologija --- kommunikationsteknologi --- communicatietechnologie --- τεχνική των πληροφοριών --- információs technológia --- avalik poliitika --- offentlig politik --- veřejná politika --- öffentliche Politik --- politică publică --- overheidsbeleid --- politique publique --- verejná politika --- обществена политика --- javna politika --- valsts politika --- közpolitika --- државна политика --- viešoji politika --- beartas poiblí --- δημόσια πολιτική --- politica pubblica --- polityka władz publicznych --- ordni pubbliku --- јавна политика --- julkinen politiikka --- política pública --- politika publike --- politika pubblika --- управувачка политика --- официјална политика --- политика на државниот врв --- стандардизација --- standardointi --- normalização --- normizacija --- standardisering --- normalizace --- Normung --- szabványosítás --- normalización --- caighdeánú --- normalizzazione --- standardizare --- normalisatie --- normalisation --- standardimine --- τυποποίηση --- normalizacja --- standardizzazzjoni --- standardizim --- standartizācija --- standartizacija --- standardizacija --- štandardizácia --- стандартизация --- institut de standardizare --- standardiseringsinstitut --- normacija --- normiranje --- standartizācijas institūcija --- instituto de normalización --- standardizace --- standaardisatie --- ústav normalizácie --- Institut pro normalizaci --- standardimisinstituut --- estandardização --- standardointilaitos --- normalizim --- standardisation --- standartizavimas --- Institut für Normung --- instelling voor normalisatie --- institut për standardizim --- normalisering --- institute for standardisation --- οργανισμοί τυποποίησης --- normovací úřad --- estandarización --- standartizacijos institutas --- szabványügyi intézet --- Úřad pro technickou normalizaci --- normimine --- institut de normalisation --- standardization --- istituto per la normalizzazione --- norminimas --- normalizēšana --- standardizzazione --- воведување сообразност --- Standardisierung der Normen --- нормирање --- normalizácia --- Normenausschuss --- instituto de normalização --- zavod za normizaciju --- norma --- standartas --- стандард --- standard --- norme --- norm --- szabvány --- Norm --- стандарт --- standardi --- πρότυπο --- caighdeán --- standarts --- national standard --- národná norma --- norma nacional --- riigistandard --- oborová norma --- nationale norm --- valsts standarts --- norma nazionale --- podniková norma --- método de referência --- kansallinen standardi --- valstybinis standartas --- εθνικό πρότυπο --- nationale Norm --- státní norma --- národní norma --- nemzeti szabvány --- Produktionsnorm --- ИСО стандард --- riigisisene standard --- норма --- DIN-Norm --- norme nationale --- standard kombëtar --- úseková norma --- Industrienorm --- termékszabvány --- Bauartnorm --- nationell standard --- standard național --- DIN-szabvány --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics
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