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"Belgium was a small, neutral country without a colonial tradition when King Leopold II ceded the Congo, his personal property, to the state in 1908. For the next half-century Belgium not only ruled an African empire but also, through widespread, enduring, and eagerly embraced propaganda, produced an imperialist-minded citizenry. Selling the Congo is a study of European pro-empire propaganda in Belgium, with particular emphasis on the period 1908-60. Matthew G. Stanard questions the nature of Belgian imperialism in the Congo and considers the Belgian case in light of literature on the French, British, and other European overseas empires. Comparing Belgium to other imperial powers, the book finds that pro-empire propaganda was a basic part of European overseas expansion and administration during the modern period. Arguing against the long-held belief that Belgians were merely "reluctant imperialists," Stanard demonstrates that in fact many Belgians readily embraced imperialistic propaganda. Selling the Congo contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of twentieth-century propaganda by revealing its successes and failures in the Belgian case. Many readers familiar with more-popular histories of Belgian imperialism will find in this book a deeper examination of European involvement in central Africa during the colonial era"-- "Examination of pro-empire propaganda advanced by Belgium during its colonial rule of the Congo"--

Public opinion --- Propaganda, Belgian --- Opinion publique --- Propagande belge --- History --- Histoire --- Belgium --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Belgique --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Colonies --- Colonization. --- Colonisation --- Colonization --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Central. --- Western. --- Colonialism & Post-Colonialism. --- Impérialisme --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Colonialism & Post-Colonialism. --- HISTORY / Africa / Central. --- HISTORY / Europe / Western. --- 967.5.03 --- 327.2 <4> --- 325.3 <493> --- Belgian propaganda --- Opinion, Public --- Imperialisme --- Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- Imperialisme. Wereldrijken --(buitenlandse politiek)--Europa --- Koloniale expansie. Koloniale politiek. Kolonialisme. Kolonisatie--België --- 327.2 <4> Imperialisme. Wereldrijken --(buitenlandse politiek)--Europa --- 967.5.03 Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- 325.3 <493> Koloniale expansie. Koloniale politiek. Kolonialisme. Kolonisatie--België --- Political science --- Africa --- Europe --- HISTORY / Africa / Central --- HISTORY / Europe / Western --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Colonialism & Post-Colonialism --- BPB1205 --- Colonialisme --- République démocratique du Congo --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- België --- Kolonialisme --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- History of Congo --- History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- Advertising. Public relations --- Colonisation. Decolonisation --- anno 1900-1999 --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- imperializmas --- imperialismus --- империализъм --- Imperialismus --- imperializëm --- imperialismi --- ιμπεριαλισμός --- imperializmus --- imperiālisms --- империјализам --- imperialism --- imperialisme --- imperjaliżmu --- imperijalizam --- imperializm --- imperialismo --- imperializem --- hegemoonia --- hégémonie --- hegemoni --- ülevõim --- hegemony --- hegemonia mundial --- хегемонија --- ylivalta --- hegjemoni --- imperiální politika --- hegemónia --- overherredømme --- ηγεμονία --- Hegemonie --- hegemonija --- egemonia --- hegemonía --- hegemonie --- kolonializmus --- колониализъм --- kolonijalizam --- Kolonialismus --- kolonializmas --- kolonialism --- kolonjaliżmu --- kolonialismi --- колонијализам --- colonialismo --- kolonialisme --- kolonializm --- colonialism --- kolonializem --- αποικιοκρατία --- kolonialismus --- koloniālisms --- kolonializëm --- neocolonialism --- neokolonialisme --- uuskolonialism --- neokolonialismus --- neokolonializmus --- neocolonialismo --- uuskolonialismi --- неоколонијализам --- neo-colonialism --- neokoloniālisms --- nykolonialism --- néocolonialisme --- kolonizace --- gyarmatosítás --- gyarmati uralom --- koloniální závislost --- gyarmatosító politika --- колонијална зависност --- колонијална доминација --- νεοαποικιοκρατία --- neokolonializmas --- Neokolonialismus --- koloniální nadvláda --- neokolonijalizam --- колонизација --- neokolonializëm --- gyarmati rendszer --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- Imperialism --- Colonies belges. --- History. --- Histoire. --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- Congo DR --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- DR Congo --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Kongo --- RD Congo --- R.D. Congo --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Belgian Congo --- Bäigien --- Baljīkā --- Belchica --- Belçika --- Belçika Krallığı --- Beldjym --- Belezi --- Belga Királyság --- Beļgeja --- Belghia --- Belʹgi --- Bèlgia --- Bélgica --- Belgice --- Belgice Cynerīce --- Belgické království --- België --- Bélgii Bikéyah --- Belgii︠a︡ --- Belʹgii︠a︡ Korollege --- Beļg̓ijas Karaliste --- Belgijos Karalystė --- Belgijskô --- Belgika --- Belgiska --- Belgiya --- Belgiyah --- Belgje --- Belgjiche --- Belgjo --- Belgujo --- Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Belhika --- Bèljik --- Beljika --- Belʹjmudin Nutg --- Belsch --- Belsj --- Bélxica --- Berugī --- Bheilg --- Bilgasuyu --- Bilhika Qhapaqsuyu --- Bilkiya --- Gwlad Belg --- Igihugu cyʼUbubirigi --- Karaleŭstva Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Keuninkriek Belsj --- Kinigraich Bäigien --- Kinnekräich Belsch --- Königreich Belgien --- Königriich Belgie --- Koninkrijk België --- Koninkrijk van België --- Koninkryk van België --- Kralojstwo Belgiskej --- Mamlakat Baljīkā --- Mamlekhet Belgiyah --- Nsi ya ntotila ya Belezi --- Pelekiuma --- Pow Belg --- Reeriaght ny Belg --- Reĝlando Belgio --- Regne de Bèlgica --- Reino de Belchica --- Reino de Bélgica --- Reinu de Bélxica --- Ríocht na Beilge --- Rìoghachd na Beilge --- Royômo de Bèlg·ique --- Ruwvaneth Belgek --- Teyrnas Gwlad Belg --- Ubelgiji --- Ububiligi --- Ububirigi --- Ufalme wa Ubelgiji --- Vasileio tou Velgiou --- Vãsilia di Belghia --- Velg --- Velgio --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Βέλγιο --- Каралеўства Бельгія --- Бельги --- Бельгия --- Бельгия Короллеге --- Бельгія --- ממלכת בלגיה --- בלגיה --- بلجيكا --- مملكة بلجيكا --- ベルギー --- coilíneachas --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- impiriúlachas --- Public opinion - Belgium - History - 20th century --- Propaganda, Belgian - History - 20th century --- Belgium - Colonies - Africa - Public opinion - History - 20th century --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - Colonization --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - History - 1908-1960 --- Impérialisme --- Colonies belges

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Thought-provoking reflection on culture, colonialism, and the remainders of empire in Belgium after 1960The degree to which the late colonial era affected Europe has been for long underappreciated, and only recently have European countries started to acknowledge not having come to terms with decolonisation. In Belgium, the past two decades have witnessed a growing awareness of the controversial episodes in the country’s colonial past. This volume examines the long-term effects and legacies of the colonial era on Belgium after 1960, the year the Congo gained its independence, and calls into question memories of the colonial past by focusing on the meaning and place of colonial monuments in public space.The book foregrounds the enduring presence of “empire” in everyday Belgian life in the form of permanent colonial markers in bronze and stone, lieux de mémoires of the country’s history of overseas expansion. By means of photographs and explanations of major pro-colonial memorials, as well as several obscure ones, the book reveals the surprising degree to which Belgium became infused with a colonialist spirit during the colonial era.Another key component of the analysis is an account of the varied ways that both Dutch- and French-speaking Belgians approached the colonial past after 1960, treating memorials variously as objects of veneration, with indifference, or as symbols to be attacked or torn down. The book provides a thought-provoking reflection on culture, colonialism, and the remainders of empire in Belgium after 1960.This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer Review Content). (Provided by publisher)

BPB9999 --- Academic collection --- #SBIB:949.3H4 --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:327.4H21 --- Koloniale en diplomatieke geschiedenis van België (wereldoorlogen) --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Kolonisatie / dekolonisatie / post-kolonisatie --- Colonisation. Decolonisation --- History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- History of Congo --- colonization --- public art --- memorials [monuments] --- historic monuments --- Belgium --- Congo --- België ; geschiedenis --- BPB1905 --- Histoire --- Colonialisme --- Belgique --- Monument --- Geschiedenis --- Kolonialisme --- België --- Monuments --- Memorials --- Public opinion --- Belgians --- Public opinion. --- History --- History. --- Colonies --- C6 --- kolonialisme --- Congo [historische term land Congo -CG] --- België [land - BE] --- Opvoeding, onderwijs, wetenschap --- geschiedenis --- twintigste eeuw --- Belgisch Kongo --- beeldhouwkunst --- monumenten --- 130.2 --- Colonial history --- zabytek --- műemlék --- monument --- spomenik --- μνημείο --- piemineklis --- monumento --- muistomerkki --- споменик --- паметник --- paminklas --- mälestis --- památka --- pamiatka --- спомен-обележје --- památník --- народен споменик --- chráněná památka --- národní památka --- меморијален споменик --- státem chráněná památka --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- kolonializmus --- колониализъм --- kolonijalizam --- Kolonialismus --- kolonializmas --- kolonialism --- kolonjaliżmu --- kolonialismi --- колонијализам --- colonialismo --- kolonializm --- colonialism --- kolonializem --- αποικιοκρατία --- kolonialismus --- koloniālisms --- kolonializëm --- neocolonialism --- neokolonialisme --- uuskolonialism --- neokolonialismus --- neokolonializmus --- neocolonialismo --- uuskolonialismi --- неоколонијализам --- neo-colonialism --- neokoloniālisms --- nykolonialism --- néocolonialisme --- kolonizace --- gyarmatosítás --- gyarmati uralom --- koloniální závislost --- gyarmatosító politika --- колонијална зависност --- колонијална доминација --- νεοαποικιοκρατία --- neokolonializmas --- Neokolonialismus --- koloniální nadvláda --- neokolonijalizam --- колонизација --- neokolonializëm --- gyarmati rendszer --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- history --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- Opinion publique --- --Mémoire --- --Monument historique --- --Belgique --- --Mémorial --- --Histoire --- --Colonie --- --Public opinion --- #breakthecanon --- Colonization --- postcolonialism --- séadchomhartha --- coilíneachas --- 920 --- sculpture monumentale --- België kolonialisme --- Belgique colonialisme --- geschiedenis België --- histoire Belgique --- Belgi&#235; ; geschiedenis --- colonialisme --- histoire --- Monuments - Belgium - Public opinion --- Memorials - Belgium - Public opinion --- Public opinion - Belgium - History - 20th century --- Mémoire --- Monument historique --- Mémorial --- Colonie --- Belgium - Colonies - Public opinion - History - 20th century

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The degree to which the late colonial era affected Europe has been for long underappreciated, and only recently have European countries started to acknowledge not having come to terms with decolonisation. In Belgium, the past two decades have witnessed a growing awareness of the controversial episodes in the country's colonial past. This volume examines the long-term effects and legacies of the colonial era on Belgium after 1960, the year the Congo gained its independence, and calls into question memories of the colonial past by focusing on the meaning and place of colonial monuments in public space. The book foregrounds the enduring presence of 'empire' in everyday Belgian life in the form of permanent colonial markers in bronze and stone, lieux de mémoires of the country's history of overseas expansion. By means of photographs and explanations of major pro-colonial memorials, as well as several obscure ones, the book reveals the surprising degree to which Belgium became infused with a colonialist spirit during the colonial era. Another key component of the analysis is an account of the varied ways that both Dutch- and French-speaking Belgians approached the colonial past after 1960, treating memorials variously as objects of veneration, with indifference, or as symbols to be attacked or torn down. The book provides a thought-provoking reflection on culture, colonialism, and the remainders of empire in Belgium after 1960.

Belgium --- History. --- Monuments - Belgium - Public opinion --- Memorials - Belgium - Public opinion --- Public opinion - Belgium - History - 20th century --- Opinion publique --- Mémoire --- Monument historique --- Mémorial --- Histoire --- Colonie --- Belgique --- Belgium - Colonies - Public opinion - History - 20th century --- Monuments --- Memorials --- Public opinion --- Public opinion. --- History --- 1900-1999 --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Commemorations --- Historic sites --- Memorialization --- Historical monuments --- Architecture --- Sculpture --- Public sculpture --- Statues --- colonialism --- memory --- culture and empire --- monuments --- the Belgian Congo --- Walloon identity --- Belgian history and culture --- postcolonialism --- Flemish identity

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Decolonising Europe? Popular Responses to the End of Empire offers a new paradigm to understand decolonisation in Europe by showing how it was fundamentally a fluid process of fluxes and refluxes involving not only transfers of populations, ideas, and sociocultural practices across continents but also complex intra-European dynamics at a time of political convergence following the Treaty of Rome. Decolonisation was neither a process of sudden, rapid changes to European cultures nor one of cultural inertia, but a development marked by fluidity, movement, and dynamism. Rather than being a static process where Europe’s (former) metropoles and their peoples ‘at home’ reacted to the end of empire ‘out there’, decolonisation translated into new realities for Europe’s cultures, societies, and politics as flows, ebbs, fluxes, and cultural refluxes reshaped both former colonies and former metropoles. The volume’s contributors set out a carefully crafted panorama of decolonisation’s sequels in European popular culture by means of in-depth studies of specific cases and media, analysing the interwoven meaning, momentum, memory, material culture, and migration patterns of the end of empire across eight major European countries. The revised meaning of ‘decolonisation’ that emerges will challenge scholars in several fields, and the panorama of new research in the book charts paths for new investigations. The question mark in the title asks not only how European cultures experienced the ‘end of empire’ but also the extent to which this is still a work in progress

Collective memory --- Postcolonialism --- Decolonization --- Post-colonialism --- Postcolonial theory --- Political science --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Social aspects. --- History. --- Europe --- Colonies --- Social conditions --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Imperialism --- History --- Dekolonisatie --- Geschiedenis --- 20e eeuw

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This engaging and humanizing text traces the development of Europe since the mid-eighteenth century through the lives of people of the time. Capturing key moments, themes, and events in the continent's turbulent modern past, the book explores how ordinary Europeans both shaped their societies and were affected by larger historical processes. By focusing on the lives of individual actors, both famous and obscure, students can gain a sense for how the well-known revolutions, wars, and social transformations of the modern era were experienced in private homes, work places, political forums, and o

Europe --- History. --- Social conditions. --- Civilization.