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Once considered exceptional rarities, extremophiles have become attractive objects for basic and applied research ranging from nanotechnology to biodiversity to the origins of life and even to the search for extraterrestrial life. Several novel aspects of extremophiles are covered in this book; the focus is firstly on unusual and less explored ecosystems such as marine hypersaline deeps, extreme cold, desert sands, and man-made clean rooms for spacecraft assembly. Secondly, the increasingly complex field of applications from extremophile research is treated and examples such as novel psychrophilic enzymes, compounds from halophiles, and detection strategies for potential extraterrestrial life forms are presented.

Adaptation (Biology). --- Adaptation, Physiological. --- Extreme environments -- Microbiology. --- Microbiological phenomena. --- Extreme environments --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Public Health --- Ecosystem --- Adaptation, Biological --- Microbiology --- Physiological Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Environment --- Biology --- Physiological Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Biological Processes --- Health Care --- Biological Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Environmental Microbiology --- Adaptation, Physiological --- Biodiversity --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Microbial ecology. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Life sciences. --- Biodiversity. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Microbial biology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species

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"The data in this book are new or updated, and will serve also as Origin of Life and evolutionary studies. Endospores of bacteria have a long history of use as model organisms in astrobiology, including survival in extreme environments and interplanetary transfer of life. Numerous other bacteria as well as archaea, lichens, fungi, algae and tiny animals (tardigrades, or water bears) are now being investigated for their tolerance to extreme conditions in simulated or real space environments. Experimental results from exposure studies on the International Space Station and space probes for up to 1.5 years are presented and discussed. Suggestions for extaterrestrial energy sources are also indicated"--

Exobiology. --- Extreme environments --- Microbiology.

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Many Microorganisms and some macro-organisms can live under extreme conditions. For example, high and low temperature, acidic and alkaline conditions, high salt areas, high pressure, toxic compounds, high level of ionizing radiation, anoxia and absence of light, etc. Many organisms inhabit environments characterized by more than one form of stress (Polyextremophiles). Among them are those who live in hypersaline and alkaline, hot and acidic, cold/hot and high hydrostatic pressure, etc. Polyextremophiles found in desert regions have to cope with intense UV irradiation and desiccation, high as well as low temperatures, and low availability of water and nutrients. The chapters of this book provide an updated picture of our current understanding of the distribution of polyextremophilic microorganisms in nature and about the special physiological and biochemical properties that enable them to withstand multiple environmental extremes. It provides descriptions of unusual and less explored ecosystems such as Earth's cryosphere, marine hypersaline deeps, hot and cold desert environments, hot springs with elevated temperature and low or high pH. This book provides novel results of application to polyextremophiles research ranging from nanotechnology to synthetic biology to the origin of life and beyond. The topics of this volume are of importance not only for the understanding of the limits of life on Earth, but also for Astrobiology with the exploration of the possibility of life ‘as we know it’ to be present on other extraterrestrial bodies in the Universe.

Environmental microbiology. --- Exobiology. --- Extreme environments -- Microbiology. --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Extreme environments --- Microbiology. --- Extremophiles (Microbiology) --- Life sciences. --- Cell biology. --- Cell physiology. --- Oxidative stress. --- Astrobiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell Physiology. --- Oxidative Stress. --- Geomicrobiology --- Microbial ecology --- Extremozymes --- Cytology. --- Astrobiology --- Habitable planets --- Life --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Physiology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Origin --- Oxidation-reduction reaction --- Stress (Physiology)

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Once considered exceptional rarities, extremophiles have become attractive objects for basic and applied research ranging from nanotechnology to biodiversity to the origins of life and even to the search for extraterrestrial life. Several novel aspects of extremophiles are covered in this book; the focus is firstly on unusual and less explored ecosystems such as marine hypersaline deeps, extreme cold, desert sands, and man-made clean rooms for spacecraft assembly. Secondly, the increasingly complex field of applications from extremophile research is treated and examples such as novel psychrophilic enzymes, compounds from halophiles, and detection strategies for potential extraterrestrial life forms are presented.