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This paper reviews the experiences of a few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that have succeeded in attracting fairly large amounts of foreign investment. The review indicates that sustained efforts to promote political and macroeconomic stability and implement essential structural reforms have been the key elements contributing to the success that certain countries in Africa have achieved in attracting a substantial volume of FDI. Strong leadership, which has helped promote democracy and overcome social and political strife, and a firm commitment to economic reform have been important determinants. The adoption of sound fiscal and monetary policies, supported by an appropriate exchange rate policy, and a proactive approach to removing structural impediments to private sector activity have had a positive bearing on investor sentiment. The analysis underscores the importance of relying on stability and a broad-based reform effort to encourage foreign investment in Africa.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Natural Resources --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Multinational Firms --- International Business --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Trade: General --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Environmental management --- International economics --- Foreign direct investment --- Tax incentives --- Natural resources --- Exports --- Balance of payments --- Taxes --- Environment --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Investments, Foreign --- South Africa

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This paper examines the unconventional monetary policy actions undertaken by G-7 central banks and assesses their effectiveness in alleviating financial market pressures and facilitating credit flows to the real economy. Central banks acted nimbly, decisively, and creatively in their response to the deepening of the crisis. They embarked on a number of unconventional policies, some of which had been tried before, while others were new. The scale and scope of unconventional measures have differed substantially across major central banks. Massive asset purchases have boosted the size of the central bank balance sheets the most in the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the Bank of England has relied primarily on the purchases of government bonds, while the Fed has acquired a variety of assets, including commercial paper and mortgage-backed securities and providing financing for acquisition of other asset-backed securities. Central bank interventions, along with government actions, have been broadly successful in stabilizing financial conditions over time.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Investments: General --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Credit --- Central bank policy rate --- Liquidity --- Sovereign bonds --- Money --- Asset and liability management --- Financial institutions --- Financial services --- Securities --- Banks and banking --- Interest rates --- Economics --- Bonds --- Financial instruments --- United States

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The paper explores the pattern of transition of the Vietnamese economy, the policies that were applied, and the reasons for the country's success. In particular, it focuses on output performance; state-owned enterprises; foreign direct investment; determinants of inflation; dollarization and problems of economic management; international integration and exchange rate policy; growth and diversification of trade, trade reform, exchange reform, and exchange rate policy.

Mixed economy --- Vietnam --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions --- Economy, Mixed --- Third way (Economics) --- Capitalism --- Socialism --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Agriculture: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Exchange rates --- Foreign direct investment --- Agricultural sector --- Exchange rate policy --- Prices --- Balance of payments --- Economic sectors --- Investments, Foreign --- Agricultural industries --- Industries --- Foreign exchange market

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This book provides a diagnosis of the central economic and financial challenges facing Caribbean policymakers and offers broad policy recommendations for promoting a sustained and inclusive increase in economic well-being. The analysis highlights the need for Caribbean economies to make a concerted effort to break the feedback loops between weak macroeconomic fundamentals, notably pertaining to fiscal positions and financial sector strains, and structural impediments, such as high electricity costs, limited financial deepening, violent crime, and brain drain, which have depressed private investment and growth. A recurring theme in the book is the need for greater regional coordination in finding solutions to address the Caribbean’s shared and intertwined macroeconomic and structural challenges. The analysis suggests that strengthening regional and global market integration of Caribbean economies would provide an impetus to sustained growth in incomes and jobs. Greater regional and global economic integration would also facilitate structural transformation and a shift toward new economic activities, resulting in more diversified and less vulnerable economies. A central challenge for the Caribbean is thus to come together as a region, overcome the limitations posed by size, and garner the benefits of globalization. Efforts should build on existing regional arrangements; accelerating progress in implementing these agreements would stimulate trade. Policymakers could also promote deeper integration with Latin America and the rest of the world by pursuing new trade agreements, leveraging current agreements more effectively, or deepening them to include areas beyond traditional trade issues, and developing port and transport infrastructure.

Economic development --- Economic indicators --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Caribbean Area --- Caribbean Free Trade Association countries --- Caribbean Region --- Caribbean Sea Region --- West Indies Region --- Commerce. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Banking --- Natural disasters --- International economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Tax incentives --- Nonperforming loans --- Public debt --- Financial institutions --- Taxes --- Environment --- Correspondent banking --- Financial services --- Loans --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Financial services industry --- United States