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Frequency synthesizers are an essential building block of RF communication products. They can be found in traditional consumer products, in personal communication systems, and in optical communication equipment. Since frequency synthesizers are used in many different applications, different performance aspects may need to be considered in each case. The main body of the text describes a conceptual framework for analyzing the performance of PLL frequency synthesizers, and presents optimization procedures for the different performance aspects. The analysis of the PLL properties is performed with the use of the open-loop bandwidth and phase margin concepts, to enable the influence of higher-order poles to be taken into account from the beginning of the design process. The theoretical system analysis is complemented by descriptions of innovative system and building block architectures, by circuit implementations in bipolar and CMOS technologies, and by measurement results. Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers contains basic information for the beginner as well as in-depth knowledge for the experienced designer. It is widely illustrated with practical design examples used in industrial products.

Frequency synthesizers --- Radio frequency oscillators --- Phase-locked loops --- Integrated circuits --- Radio frequency integrated circuits --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Design and construction --- RFICs (Integrated circuits) --- Radio circuits --- Chips (Electronics) --- Circuits, Integrated --- Computer chips --- Microchips --- Electronic circuits --- Microelectronics --- Loops, Phase-locked --- Demodulation (Electronics) --- Oscillators, Electric --- Telecommunication --- RF oscillators --- Synthesizers, Frequency --- Frequency changers --- Oscillators, Crystal --- Signal generators --- Frequency synthesizers. --- Radio frequency oscillators. --- Phase-locked loops. --- Radio frequency integrated circuits. --- Design and construction.

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JIMD Reports publishes case and short research reports in the area of inherited metabolic disorders. Case reports highlight some unusual or previously unrecorded feature relevant to the disorder, or serve as an important reminder of clinical or biochemical features of a Mendelian disorder.

Human physiology --- Paediatrics --- Human genetics --- Pathology of the metabolism --- medische genetica --- genetica --- pediatrie --- metabolische ziekten --- fysiologie

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The study of plant invasions is the science that attempts to understand causes and consequences of plant introductions outside of their native areas. Invasive plants have an impact on global biodiversity and ecosystem function, and their management is a complex and formidable task. The applied aspects of this study include the health and economic impacts of invasions. Although research on plant invasions has progressed remarkably during the past several decades, scientists are still looking for answers to basic questions. Such questions are: (1) What are invaders? (2) Can we predict invaders? (3) What are mechanisms of exclusion of native species by invaders? (4) How general principles in ecology can be used to predict and understand plant invasions? (5) What makes a habitat susceptible to invasion? (6) What agricultural practices influence invasion? (7) What impact invaders may have on ecosystem processes and community structure? (8) What are causes, mechanisms and consequences of plant invasions (9) What are the environmental and economic costs of invasion? (10) What management strategies are needed to check invasion? In an effort to answer these questions, contributing authors have strived to provide up-to-date reviews and discussions of invasion-related research involving natural and agroecosystems. Readers will get a unique perspective on ecological and agricultural aspects of plant invasions through employing general principles of ecology to plant invasions.

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Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks provides a unified view of the state-of-the-art protocols and architectures for heterogeneous wireless networking. The chapters cover both the theoretical concepts and system-level implementation issues related to design, analysis, and optimization of architectures and protocols for heterogeneous wireless access networks. The readers will find a rich set of references at the end of each chapter to be very valuable. The book is an important resource for both researchers and practitioners in the field of wireless networks.

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Control de plagues --- Llibres electrònics --- e-books --- Llibre electrònic --- Llibres en línia --- Llibres interactius --- Llibres online --- Llibres --- Lectura sobre pantalla --- Control químic de plagues --- Exterminació de plagues --- Lluita contra plagues --- Protecció de les plantes --- Control biològic de plagues --- Control integrat de plagues --- Plaguicides --- Pests --- Integrated control. --- Integrated control of pests --- Integrated pest control --- Integrated pest management --- IPM (Integrated pest management) --- Pest control, Integrated --- Control