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How does contemporary science contribute to our understanding about what it means to be women or men? What are the social implications of scientific claims about differences between "male" and "female" brains, hormones, and genes? How does culture influence scientific and medical research and its findings about human sexuality, especially so-called normal and deviant desires and behaviors? Gender and the Science of Difference examines how contemporary science shapes and is shaped by gender ideals and images. Prior scholarship has illustrated how past cultures of science were infused with patriarchal norms and values that influenced the kinds of research that was conducted and the interpretation of findings about differences between men and women. This interdisciplinary volume presents empirical inquiries into today's science, including examples of gendered scientific inquiry and medical interventions and research. It analyzes how scientific and medical knowledge produces gender norms through an emphasis on sex differences, and includes both U.S. and non-U.S. cases and examples.

Politics. --- Gender Identity. --- Cultural Characteristics. --- Sex Factors. --- Human biology --- Sex (Biology) --- Sex differences --- Sex differences. --- Biology --- Physical anthropology --- Sex --- Sex (Physiology) --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Factor, Sex --- Factors, Sex --- Sex Factor --- Ethnic Boundary Maintenance --- Boundary Maintenance, Ethnic --- Boundary Maintenances, Ethnic --- Characteristic, Cultural --- Characteristics, Cultural --- Cultural Characteristic --- Ethnic Boundary Maintenances --- Maintenance, Ethnic Boundary --- Maintenances, Ethnic Boundary --- Gender --- Gender Identities --- Identity, Gender --- Transgender Persons --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Dissent and Disputes --- Philosophy. --- Social aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Physiological aspects