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Examining how the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) has responded to external threats over the past 50 years, this book provides a compelling account of regional state actions and foreign policy in the face of potential sovereignty violation. The author draws on a large amount of previously unanalysed material, including declassified government documents and WikiLeaks cables, to examine four key cases since 1975. Taking into account state interests and the role of external powers, the author develops the 'vanguard state theory' to explain ASEAN state responses to sovereignty violation, which, it is argued, has universal applicability and explanatory power.

Sovereignty. --- Politics and government. --- Diplomatic relations. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE --- Intergovernmental Organizations. --- Reference. --- Government --- National. --- General. --- Essays. --- ASEAN. --- Southeast Asia. --- Southeast Asia --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations. --- Sovereignty --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Law and legislation --- Association of Southeast Asian nations --- A.N.S.E.A. --- ʼA rheʹ Toṅʻ ʼĀrha Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ myāʺ ʼA saṅʻʺ --- ʼĀchīya --- ANSEA --- Āsiyān --- Asosasyon ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya --- Association des nations d'Asie du Sud-Est --- Association des nations du Sud-Est asiatique --- Association des pays de l'Asie du Sud-Est --- Association of South East Asian Nations --- Association of Southeast Asian Nations --- Association of Southeastasian Nations --- Assot͡siat͡sii͡a gosudarstv I͡Ugo-Vostochnoĭ Azii --- Assot͡siat͡sii͡a stran I͡Ugo-Vostochnoĭ Azii --- Dong nan Ya guo jia xie hui --- Dong nan Ya guo xie --- Hiệp hội các nước Đông Nam --- Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara --- Samākhom ʻĀsīan --- Samākhom Prachāchāt hǣng ʻĒsīa Tawanʻō̜k Chīang Tai --- Tōnan Ajia Shokoku Reng --- Tongnama Kukka Yŏnhap --- Tung nan Ya kuo chia hsieh hui --- Tung nan Ya kuo hsieh --- Verband Südostasiatischer Nationen --- Association of Southeast Asia --- Asia, Southeast --- Asia, Southeastern --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- Hiệp hội các nước Đông Nam --- Samākhom Prachāchāt hǣng ʻĒsīa Tawanʻō̜k Chīang Tai --- Political Science --- Intergovernmental Organizations

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe and progressive disorder affecting the blood vessels in the lungs. Typically, symptoms first appear at around 30–40 years of age and, without treatment, can lead to fatal heart disease within a few years. Genetic studies over the past decade have identified numerous genes that contribute to disease progression but, for many sufferers, the underlying genetic cause remains elusive. The collection of reviews and original research articles contained within this book provide an overview of recent advancements in understanding the genetic risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. We further examine the emerging interplay between genetic variants and clinical outcomes, providing a framework for new treatments and improved patient care.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Genetics (non-medical) --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- massive parallel sequencing --- NGS --- digenic inheritance --- and genetics --- BMPR2 promoter --- pathogenic variant --- heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension --- genetic analysis --- NGS gene panel --- BMPR2 --- TBX4 --- GDF2 --- EIF2AK4 --- genomics --- pediatrics --- lung disease --- endothelial cells --- smooth muscle cells --- DNA damage --- DNA repair --- expression quantitative trait locus --- eQTL --- blood --- genetics --- exome sequencing --- molecular genetics --- paediatrics --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 --- heritable --- familial --- estrogen --- estradiol --- penetrance --- gender --- PAH --- forward phenotyping --- forward genetics --- reverse genetics --- reverse phenotyping --- intermediate phenotypes --- whole-genome sequencing --- epigenetic inheritance --- genetic heterogeneity --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- pulmonary hypertension --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 --- signaling --- repurposed drugs --- pharmaceuticals --- miRNA --- clinical trials --- n/a

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe and progressive disorder affecting the blood vessels in the lungs. Typically, symptoms first appear at around 30–40 years of age and, without treatment, can lead to fatal heart disease within a few years. Genetic studies over the past decade have identified numerous genes that contribute to disease progression but, for many sufferers, the underlying genetic cause remains elusive. The collection of reviews and original research articles contained within this book provide an overview of recent advancements in understanding the genetic risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. We further examine the emerging interplay between genetic variants and clinical outcomes, providing a framework for new treatments and improved patient care.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Genetics (non-medical) --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- massive parallel sequencing --- NGS --- digenic inheritance --- and genetics --- BMPR2 promoter --- pathogenic variant --- heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension --- genetic analysis --- NGS gene panel --- BMPR2 --- TBX4 --- GDF2 --- EIF2AK4 --- genomics --- pediatrics --- lung disease --- endothelial cells --- smooth muscle cells --- DNA damage --- DNA repair --- expression quantitative trait locus --- eQTL --- blood --- genetics --- exome sequencing --- molecular genetics --- paediatrics --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 --- heritable --- familial --- estrogen --- estradiol --- penetrance --- gender --- PAH --- forward phenotyping --- forward genetics --- reverse genetics --- reverse phenotyping --- intermediate phenotypes --- whole-genome sequencing --- epigenetic inheritance --- genetic heterogeneity --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- pulmonary hypertension --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 --- signaling --- repurposed drugs --- pharmaceuticals --- miRNA --- clinical trials --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- massive parallel sequencing --- NGS --- digenic inheritance --- and genetics --- BMPR2 promoter --- pathogenic variant --- heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension --- genetic analysis --- NGS gene panel --- BMPR2 --- TBX4 --- GDF2 --- EIF2AK4 --- genomics --- pediatrics --- lung disease --- endothelial cells --- smooth muscle cells --- DNA damage --- DNA repair --- expression quantitative trait locus --- eQTL --- blood --- genetics --- exome sequencing --- molecular genetics --- paediatrics --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 --- heritable --- familial --- estrogen --- estradiol --- penetrance --- gender --- PAH --- forward phenotyping --- forward genetics --- reverse genetics --- reverse phenotyping --- intermediate phenotypes --- whole-genome sequencing --- epigenetic inheritance --- genetic heterogeneity --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- pulmonary hypertension --- bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 --- signaling --- repurposed drugs --- pharmaceuticals --- miRNA --- clinical trials