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While the concept and practice of integrated aquaculture is well-known in inland environments particularly in Asia, in the marine environment, it has been much less reported. However, in recent years the idea of integrated aquaculture has been often considered a mitigation approach against the excess nutrients/organic matter generated by intensive aquaculture activities particularly in marine waters. In this context, integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) has emerged, where multitrophic refers to the explicit incorporation of species from different trophic positions or nutritional levels in the same system. Integrated marine aquaculture can cover a diverse range of co-culture/ farming practices, including IMTA, and even more specialized forms of integration such as mangrove planting with aquaculture, called aquasilviculture. Integrated mariculture has many benefits, among which bioremediation is one of the most relevant, and yet is not valued in its real social and economic potential although the present document provides some initial economic estimates for the integration benefits derived from bioremediation. Reducing risks is also an advantage and profitable aspect of farming multiple species in marine environments (as in freshwaters): a diversified product portfolio increases the resilience of the operation, for instance when facing changing prices for one of the farmed species or the accidental catastrophic destruction of a crop. Yet such perspectives are far from being considered in mariculture where, on the contrary, there is a tendency to monoculture. Modern integrated mariculture systems must be developed in order to assist sustainable expansion of the sector in coastal and marine ecosystems thus responding to the global increase for seafood demand but with a new paradigm of more efficient food production systems. Successful integrated mariculture operations must consider all relevant stakeholders into its development plan government, industry, academia, the general public and non-governmental organizations must work together and the role of integrated mariculture within integrated coastal zone management plans must be clearly defined. There is a need to facilitate commercialization and promote effective legislation for the support and inclusion of integrated mariculture through adequate incentives particularly considering the reduction of environmental costs associated to monoculture farming. Bioremediation of fed aquaculture impacts through integrated aquaculture is a core benefit but the increase of production, more diverse and secure business, and larger profits should not be underestimated as additional advantages. In many cases, more research is needed to further integrated mariculture - particularly regarding the technical implementation of a farm. At this level, an important issue is to adopt adequate management practices that avoid or reduce the likelihood of disease transmission within and between aquaculture facilities or to the natural aquatic fauna. Also, careful consideration should be paid to the selection of species used in polyculture or integrated multitrophic aquaculture to reduce potential stress and suffering of culture individuals. Integrated aquaculture should be looked upon as a very important tool to facilitate the growth of marine aquaculture and promote sustainable development.

aquaculture. --- aquaculture --- Saltwater fishes --- Aquaculture techniques --- Tropical zones --- Mediterranean Sea --- Mariculture --- Sustainable aquaculture --- 639.32 --- Farming, Marine --- Farming, Ocean --- Farming, Sea --- Marine aquaculture --- Marine farming --- Ocean farming --- Sea farming --- Aquaculture --- Biosaline resources --- Marine biology --- Sustainable agriculture --- 639.32 Fish breeding in seawater and brackish water. Stocking of sea areas --- Fish breeding in seawater and brackish water. Stocking of sea areas --- Environmental aspects

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The global food production sector is growing. In many areas farming systems are intensifying. This rapid growth has in some cases caused environmental damage. This document include an introduction and 12 review papers describing methods for such comparisons as well as the deliberations of their authors, a group of nineteen international experts on environmental economics, energy accounting, material and environmental flows analysis, aquaculture, agriculture and international development. Experts concluded that comparisons can be useful for addressing local development and zoning concerns, global issues of sustainability and trade and consumer preferences for inexpensive food produced in an environmentally sustainable manner. In order to be useful, however, methods to assess environmental costs should be scientifically based, comparable across different sectors, expandable to different scales, inclusive of externalities, practical to implement and easily understood by managers and policy-makers. Aquaculture in many locations and conditions is or could be much more environment friendly than other food sectors.--Publisher's description.

Aquaculture industry --- Aquaculture --- Environmental policy --- Zoology and Animal Sciences. Aquaculture and Fisheries --- Economic aspects --- Aquaculture and Environment --- 639.3 --- 636 --- 504.064 --- Fish breeding. Pisciculture. Aquaculture --- Animal husbandry and breeding in general. Livestock rearing. Breeding of domestic animals --- Surveillance and management of environmental quality. Pollution control. Life cycle analysis (LCA) --- Conferences - Meetings --- Aquaculture and Environment. --- 504.064 Surveillance and management of environmental quality. Pollution control. Life cycle analysis (LCA) --- 636 Animal husbandry and breeding in general. Livestock rearing. Breeding of domestic animals --- 639.3 Fish breeding. Pisciculture. Aquaculture --- Food industry and trade

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520 Aquaculture growth worldwide involves the expansion of cultivated areas, a higher density of aquaculture installations and farmed individuals, and greater use of feed resources produced outside the immediate culture area. To ensure that such development of the sector does not carry negative impacts on the environment and on parts of society due to weak regulation or poor management, an ecosystem approach for aquaculture (EAA) is encouraged. These proceedings consider aspects relevant for an ecosystem-based management in aquaculture. The document also includes two comprehensive reviews covering the status of brackish, marine and freshwater aquaculture within an ecosystem approach perspective.--Publisher's description

339 VISSERIJPRODUCTEN --- 639.27 --- 664.951.7 --- 664.951.7 Shellfish and crustacean preserves --- Shellfish and crustacean preserves --- 639.27 Collection of aquatic molluscs. Oysters --- Collection of aquatic molluscs. Oysters --- 339 VISSERIJPRODUCTEN Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--VISSERIJPRODUCTEN --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--VISSERIJPRODUCTEN --- Conferences - Meetings --- Évaluation impact sur environnement --- 639.3 --- Fish breeding. Pisciculture. Aquaculture --- 639.3 Fish breeding. Pisciculture. Aquaculture --- Aquaculture --- Sustainable aquaculture --- 504.062 --- 504.062 Protection, rational use, restoration of natural resources. Sustainable development --- Protection, rational use, restoration of natural resources. Sustainable development --- Sustainable agriculture --- Aquiculture --- Agriculture --- Environmental aspects --- 339 VISSERIJPRODUCTEN Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--VISSERIJPRODUCTEN --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--VISSERIJPRODUCTEN --- aquaculture --- Environmental impact assessment --- aquaculture.