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This book explores the political implications of the human tendency to prioritize negative information over positive information. Drawing on literatures in political science, psychology, economics, communications, biology, and physiology, this book argues that 'negativity biases' should be evident across a wide range of political behaviors. These biases are then demonstrated through a diverse and cross-disciplinary set of analyses, for instance: in citizens' ratings of presidents and prime ministers; in aggregate-level reactions to economic news, across 17 countries; in the relationship between covers and newsmagazine sales; and in individuals' physiological reactions to network news content. The pervasiveness of negativity biases extends, this book suggests, to the functioning of political institutions - institutions that have been designed to prioritize negative information in the same way as the human brain.

Political culture --- Political participation --- Political psychology --- Political sociology. --- #SBIB:324H20 --- #SBIB:324H30 --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Politics, Practical --- Psychology, Political --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Culture --- Politologie: theorieën (democratie, comparatieve studieën….) --- Politieke cultuur --- Sociological aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Political sociology --- Political culture. --- Political participation. --- Political psychology.

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Around the world, there are increasing concerns about the accuracy of media coverage. It is vital in representative democracies that citizens have access to reliable information about what is happening in government policy, so that they can form meaningful preferences and hold politicians accountable. Yet much research and conventional wisdom questions whether the necessary information is available, consumed, and understood. This study is the first large-scale empirical investigation into the frequency and reliability of media coverage in five policy domains, and it provides tools that can be exported to other areas, in the US and elsewhere. Examining decades of government spending, media coverage, and public opinion in the US, this book assesses the accuracy of media coverage, and measures its direct impact on citizens' preferences for policy. This innovative study has far-reaching implications for those studying and teaching politics as well as for reporters and citizens.

Mass media --- Press and politics. --- Mass media and public opinion. --- Representative government and representation. --- Democracy. --- Political aspects. --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Democracy --- Elections --- Suffrage --- Public opinion and mass media --- Public opinion --- Politics and the press --- Press --- Advertising, Political --- Government and the press --- Journalism --- Communication in politics --- Political aspects --- Mass media Political aspects

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The 2016 presidential election campaign might have seemed to be all about one man. He certainly did everything possible to reinforce that impression. But to an unprecedented degree the campaign also was about the news media and its relationships with the man who won and the woman he defeated.Words that Matter assesses how the news media covered the extraordinary 2016 election and, more important, what information—true, false, or somewhere in between—actually helped voters make up their minds. Using journalists’ real-time tweets and published news coverage of campaign events, along with Gallup polling data measuring how voters perceived that reporting, the book traces the flow of information from candidates and their campaigns to journalists and to the public.The evidence uncovered shows how Donald Trump’s victory, and Hillary Clinton’s loss, resulted in large part from how the news media responded to these two unique candidates. Both candidates were unusual in their own ways, and thus presented a long list of possible issues for the media to focus on. Which of these many topics got communicated to voters made a big difference outcome.What people heard about these two candidates during the campaign was quite different. Coverage of Trump was scattered among many different issues, and while many of those issues were negative, no single negative narrative came to dominate the coverage of the man who would be elected the 45th president of the United States. Clinton, by contrast, faced an almost unrelenting news media focus on one negative issue—her alleged misuse of e-mails—that captured public attention in a way that the more numerous questions about Trump did not.Some news media coverage of the campaign was insightful and helpful to voters who really wanted serious information to help them make the most important decision a democracy offers. But this book also demonstrates how the modern media environment can exacerbate the kind of pack journalism that leads some issues to dominate the news while others of equal or greater importance get almost no attention, making it hard for voters to make informed choices.

#SBIB:309H271 --- #SBIB:309H1025 --- #SBIB:324H60 --- #SBIB:328H31 --- Politieke communicatie: toepassingsgebieden --- Mediaboodschappen met een informatieve functie --- Politieke socialisatie --- Instellingen en beleid: VSA / USA --- Political sociology --- Mass communications --- anno 2010-2019 --- United States --- United States of America