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Journalism --- Lücker, J.M. --- anno 1900-1999 --- Netherlands
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In ‘De kleine Tocqueville’ geeft Martin Sommer in nog geen honderd pagina’s een heldere samenvatting van het leven, de carrière en de werken van de Franse edelman Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859). Tocqueville wordt wel gezien als de man die het meest uitputtend, origineel en leesbaar over de democratie als politiek systeem heeft geschreven. Zijn magnum opus is getiteld Over de democratie in Amerika (twee delen, 1835-1840) en blijft ruim anderhalve eeuw later een aanrader. Tocqueville was ook zelf politicus, maar zijn actuele erfenis bestaat uit ideeën over de moderne democratie, haar sterke én haar zwakke kanten.
democratie --- 32 --- Tocqueville, de, Alexis --- politiek
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Over the past decade, productivity-adjusted wages have grown at a slower pace in Japan than in other rich countries. This paper suggests that Japan's dualities between regular and "nonregular" labor market contracts and the relatively inefficient services sector have exacerbated the negative impact of globalization and technical change on the labor income share felt in all advanced economies. Reforms aimed at increasing productivity in services and reducing gaps in employment protection and benefits between regular and nonregular workers could help put Japan's wages on an upward trajectory in the medium term.
Labor --- Production and Operations Management --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Labour --- income economics --- Macroeconomics --- Labor share --- Labor markets --- Productivity --- Economic theory --- Labor market --- Industrial productivity --- Japan --- Income economics
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The Japanese economy has been hit hard by the slump in global demand for advanced manufacturing products such as cars, information technology, and machinery, which account for a larger share of production than in other G-7 economies. Most of the drop in Japan’s exports was caused by a sharp retrenchment in overseas demand for motor vehicles, information technology, and capital goods, as firms and consumers cut their investment and durable goods spending in response to the global credit crunch and extraordinary uncertainties about the outlook. Worsening domestic financial conditions deepened the current recession by reducing domestic demand, especially business investment. The short-term outlook is further clouded by the needed adjustment to inventories, which have accumulated well above normal levels in both Japan and its export markets. During the 2001 recession, industrial production started recovering about 5 months after the peak of the inventory cycle. By analogy, one could expect a bottom in industrial production around May 2009. However, since the global environment is expected to remain weak and the Japanese economy faces headwinds from tight domestic financial conditions, the production adjustment could take longer during this recession.
Exports and Imports --- Industries: General --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- International economics --- Exports --- Industrial production --- International trade --- Production --- Industries --- Japan
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National characteristics, French --- France --- History --- Politics and government --- Social life and customs
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Political sociology --- Political systems --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- recht --- burgerschap
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