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The paper analyzes the wage-employment effects of replacing unemployment benefits by negative income taxes. It first surveys the major equity and efficiency effects of unemployment benefits versus negative income taxes, and summarizes the salient features of many European unemployment benefit systems in this light. Second, it presents a simple theoretical model that focuses on the relative wage-employment effects of unemployment benefits versus negative income taxes. Finally, it provides some empirical groundwork for assessing this relative effect.

Labor --- Personal Finance -Taxation --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Fiscal Policy --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm --- Labor Demand --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Unemployment Insurance --- Severance Pay --- Plant Closings --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Personal income tax --- Unemployment benefits --- Income tax systems --- Expenditure --- Taxes --- Income tax --- Unemployment insurance --- Economic theory --- United Kingdom --- Income economics

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This paper argues that an important group of labor market policies are complementary in the sense that the effect of each policy is greater when implemented in conjunction with the other policies than in isolation. This may explain why the diverse, piecemeal labor market reforms in many European countries in recent years have had so little success in reducing unemployment. What is required instead is deeper labor market reforms across a broader range of complementary policies and institutions. To be politically feasible, these reforms must be combined with measures to address distributional issues.

Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Employment --- Expenditure --- Income economics --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Labor market --- Labor markets --- Labor --- Labour --- Plant Closings --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Severance Pay --- Unemployment benefits --- Unemployment Insurance --- Unemployment insurance --- Unemployment rate --- Unemployment --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- United States

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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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Unemployment --- Wages --- Unemployed. --- Labor turnover. --- Job security. --- Unemployment. --- Wages. --- Bezoldigingen --- Chômeurs --- Employee turnover --- Job security --- Labor turnover --- Lonen --- Loon --- Personeel -- Rotatie --- Personnel -- Rotation --- Salaire --- Salaires --- Salarissen --- Sécurité d'emploi --- Traitements (Salaires) --- Turnover of labor --- Vergoedingen --- Wedden --- Werklozen --- Werkzekerheid --- 331.56 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.20 --- 332.630 --- 332.87 --- 332.620 --- Joblessness --- 331.56 Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve --- Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve --- Bezoldiging van de arbeid: algemeenheden. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Syndicaten. Beroepsverenigingen. Arbeidersverenigingen. --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve. --- Unemployed --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Jobless people --- Out-of-work people --- Unemployed people --- Unemployed workers --- Persons --- Personnel management --- Labor mobility --- Employment protection --- Employment security --- Job insecurity --- Security, Job --- Economic security --- Layoff systems --- Bezoldiging van de arbeid: algemeenheden --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Syndicaten. Beroepsverenigingen. Arbeidersverenigingen --- Labour market --- Sociology of work --- Labor economics. --- Labor market.