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On April 14, 1994, two U.S. Air Force F-15 fighters accidentally shot down two U.S. Army Black Hawk Helicopters over Northern Iraq, killing all twenty-six peacekeepers onboard. In response to this disaster the complete array of military and civilian investigative and judicial procedures ran their course. After almost two years of investigation with virtually unlimited resources, no culprit emerged, no bad guy showed himself, no smoking gun was found. This book attempts to make sense of this tragedy--a tragedy that on its surface makes no sense at all. With almost twenty years in uniform and a Ph.D. in organizational behavior, Lieutenant Colonel Snook writes from a unique perspective. A victim of friendly fire himself, he develops individual, group, organizational, and cross-level accounts of the accident and applies a rigorous analysis based on behavioral science theory to account for critical links in the causal chain of events. By explaining separate pieces of the puzzle, and analyzing each at a different level, the author removes much of the mystery surrounding the shootdown. Based on a grounded theory analysis, Snook offers a dynamic, cross-level mechanism he calls "practical drift"--the slow, steady uncoupling of practice from written procedure--to complete his explanation. His conclusion is disturbing. This accident happened because, or perhaps in spite of everyone behaving just the way we would expect them to behave, just the way theory would predict. The shootdown was a normal accident in a highly reliable organization.

Leadership --- Organizational behavior --- Friendly fire (Military science) --- Black Hawk (Military transport helicopter) --- Aerial reconnaissance, American --- Black Hawk Friendly Fire Incident, Iraq, 1994. --- H-60 (Military transport helicopter) --- S-70 (Military transport helicopter) --- Sikorsky Black Hawk (Military transport helicopter) --- Sikorsky S-70 (Military transport helicopter) --- Sikorsky UH-60A (Military transport helicopter) --- UH-60A (Military transport helicopter) --- Military helicopters --- Sikorsky helicopters --- American aerial reconnaissance --- Black Hawk Fratricide Incident, Iraq, 1994 --- Black Hawk Helicopter Downing, Iraq, 1994 --- Black Hawk Shoot Down, Iraq, 1994 --- Accidents --- Investigation. --- United States. --- AF (Air force) --- Air Force (U.S.) --- U.S.A.F. (Air force) --- United States Air Force --- US Air Force --- USAF (Air force) --- Management

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This work reviews psychological research on practical intelligence and describes its importance in everyday life. The authors reveal the importance of tacit knowledge - what we have learned from our own experience, through action. This work reviews psychological research on practical intelligence and describes its importance in everyday life. The authors reveal the importance of tacit knowledge - what we have learned from our own experience, through action. Although it has been seen as an indispensable element of expertise, intelligence researchers have found it difficult to quantify. The data shows that practical intelligence is psychologically and statistically distinct from academic intelligence, and is distinct as well from personality and styles of thought. The data also indicates that practical intelligence predicts job performance and even aspects of school performance as well as, or better than, academic intelligence. This volume thoroughly examines studies of practical intelligence in the United States and in many other parts of the world as well, and for varied occupations, such as management, military leadership, teaching, research and sales.

Cognitive psychology --- Transport. Traffic --- Intellect. --- Tacit knowledge. --- Intellect --- Tacit knowledge --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking