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This collection of inter-connected essays is concerned with the impact of social and economic change upon the rural labouring poor and artisans in England, and combines a sensitive understanding of their social priorities with innovative quantitative analysis. It is based on an impressive range of sources, and its particular significance arises from the pioneering use made of a largely neglected archival source - settlement records - to address questions of central importance in English social and economic history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Levels of employment, wage rates, poor relief, the sexual division of labour, the social consequences of enclosure, the decline of farm service and traditional apprenticeship, and th equality of family life are amongst the issues discussed in a profound re-assessment of a perennial problem: the standard of living (in its widest sense) of the labouring poor during the period of industrialisation. The author's conclusions challenge much of the prevailing orthodoxy, and his extensive use of literary and attitudinal material is closely integrated with the quantitative restatement of an interpretation that owes much to the older tradition of the Hammonds' Village Labourer.

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Agricultural laborers --- Travailleurs agricoles --- History. --- Histoire --- Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- Rural conditions --- Social conditions. --- Conditions rurales --- Conditions sociales --- -History --- Social conditions --- -Agricultural workers --- Farm labor --- Farm laborers --- Farm workers --- Farmhands --- Farmworkers --- Employees --- History --- England --- Agricultural workers --- Démographie --- Demography --- Arts and Humanities --- 3 <09> <420> "16/18" --- 3 <09> <420> "16/18" Sociale geschiedenis--Engeland--?"16/18" --- Sociale geschiedenis--Engeland--?"16/18" --- Agricultural laborers - - History - Great Britain --- -Great Britain - Social conditions --- ANGLETERRE --- AGRICULTEURS --- FAMILLES --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- -Great Britain

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What role did the parish play in people's lives in England and Wales between 1700 and the mid-twentieth century? By comparison with globalisation and its dislocating effects, the book stresses how important parochial belonging once was. Professor Snell discusses themes such as settlement law and practice, marriage patterns, cultures of local xenophobia, the continuance of out-door relief in people's own parishes under the new poor law, the many new parishes of the period and their effects upon people's local attachments. The book highlights the continuing vitality of the parish as a unit in people's lives, and the administration associated with it. It employs a variety of historical methods, and makes important contributions to the history of welfare, community identity and belonging. It is highly relevant to the modern themes of globalisation, de-localisation, and the decline of community, helping to set such changes and their consequences into local historical perspective.

Parishes --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- History --- England --- Wales --- Social conditions --- Church polity --- Cambria --- Cymric --- Gwalia --- Cymru --- England and Wales --- History. --- Arts and Humanities

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"Concern about the 'decline of community', and the theme of 'community spirit', are internationally widespread in the modern world. The English past has featured many representations of declining community, expressed by those who lamented its loss in quite different periods and in diverse genres. This book analyses how community spirit and the passing of community have been described in the past--whether for good or ill--with an eye to modern issues, such as the so-called 'loneliness epidemic' or the social consequences of alternative structures of community. It does this through examination of authors such as Thomas Hardy, James Wentworth Day, Adrian Bell and H.E. Bates, by appraising detective fiction writers, analysing parish magazines, considering the letter writing of the parish poor in the 18th and 19th centuries, and through the depictions of realist landscape painters such as George Morland. K.D.M. Snell addresses modern social concerns, showing how many current preoccupations had earlier precedents. In presenting past representations of declining communities, and the way these affected individuals of very different political persuasions, the book draws out lessons and examples from the past about what community has meant hitherto, setting into context modern predicaments and judgements about 'spirits of community' today"--

Community life --- Community life --- Belonging (Social psychology) --- Loss (Psychology) --- Social change --- Community life in literature. --- English literature --- Art, English --- Communauté --- Communauté --- Appartenance (Psychologie sociale) --- Perte (Psychologie) --- Changement social --- Communauté dans la littérature --- Littérature anglaise --- Art anglais --- History. --- History --- History --- Social aspects --- History --- History --- History and criticism. --- History. --- Histoire --- Histoire --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- Histoire --- Histoire --- Histoire et critique --- Histoire --- England --- Angleterre --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales

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This pioneering book is based upon very extensive analysis of the famous 1851 Census of Religious Worship and earlier sources such as the 1676 Compton Census. The authors stress contextual and regional understanding of religion. Among the subjects covered for all of England and Wales are the geography of the Church of England, Roman Catholicism, the old and new dissenting denominations, the spatial complementarity of denominations, and their importance for political history. A range of further questions are then analysed, such as regional continuities in religion, the growth of religious pluralism, Sunday schools and child labour during industrialisation, free and appropriated church sittings, landownership and religion, and urbanisation and regional 'secularisation'. This book's advanced methods and findings will have far-reaching influence within the disciplines of history, historical and cultural geography, religious sociology and in the social science community general.

Christian sociology --- Christian social theory --- Social theory, Christian --- Sociology, Christian --- Sociology --- History --- England --- Wales --- Cambria --- Cymric --- Gwalia --- Cymru --- England and Wales --- Church history --- Arts and Humanities --- Christian sociology - England - History - 19th century. --- Christian sociology - Wales - History - 19th century.

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