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ISBN: 1648892701 1648890180 9781648892707 9781648890185 Year: 2021 Publisher: Wilmington, Delaware : Vernon Press,
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Characters and characteristics. --- Onomastics in literature. --- Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. --- Shakespeare, William, --- Characters. --- Comedies.
Book
ISBN: 9781648893643 Year: 2022 Publisher: Wilmington, Del. Vernon Press
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ISBN: 9780976443773 Year: 2007 Publisher: Washington DC Institute for Research Middle Eastern Policy
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Digital
Year: 2016 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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The standard approach to recovering the cost of electricity provision is to bill customers monthly for past consumption. If unable to pay, customers face disconnection, the utility loses revenue, and the service provision model is undermined. A possible solution to this problem is prepaid metering, in which customers buy electricity upfront and use it until the prepaid amount is consumed. We use data from Cape Town, South Africa to examine the effects of prepaid electricity metering on residential consumption and returns to the electric utility. Over 4,000 customers on monthly billing were involuntarily assigned to receive a prepaid electricity meter, with exogenous variation in the timing of the meter replacement. Electricity use falls by about 13 percent as a result of the switch, a decrease that persists for the following year. This creates a tradeoff for the utility: revenue from consumption falls but more of it is recovered on time and at a lower cost. The benefits to the electric utility outweigh the costs, on average, though results are very heterogeneous. Poorer customers and those with a history of delinquent payment behavior show the greatest improvement in profitability when switched to a prepaid meter. These findings point to an important role for metering technologies in expanding energy access for the poor.
ISBN: 9780521152914 9780521814195 0521814197 9780511600319 9781107321489 1107321484 0511600313 9781107316096 110731609X 1107194997 9781107194991 1139809792 9781139809795 1107317053 9781107317055 1107317959 9781107317956 1299399258 9781299399259 1107315115 9781107315112 0511888872 9780511888878 0521152917 Year: 2007 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Polymers exhibit a range of physical characteristics, from rubber-like elasticity to the glassy state. These particular properties are controlled at the molecular level by the mobility of the structural constituents. Remarkable changes in mobility can be witnessed with temperature, over narrow, well defined regions, termed relaxation processes. This is an important, unique phenomenon controlling polymer transition behaviour and is described here at an introductory level. The important types of relaxation processes from amorphous to crystalline polymers and polymeric miscible blends are covered, in conjunction with the broad spectrum of experimental methods used to study them. In-depth discussion of molecular level interpretation, including atomistic level computer simulations and applications to molecular mechanism elucidation, are discussed. The result is a self-contained approach to polymeric interpretation suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and chemistry interested in the relaxation processes of polymeric systems.
Polymers --- Molecular dynamics --- Polymères --- Dynamique moléculaire --- Structure --- Polymères --- Dynamique moléculaire --- Polymers. --- Molecular dynamics. --- Dynamics, Molecular --- Dynamics --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Structure. --- Polymers - Structure
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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The standard approach to recovering the cost of electricity provision is to bill customers monthly for past consumption. If unable to pay, customers face disconnection, the utility loses revenue, and the service provision model is undermined. A possible solution to this problem is prepaid metering, in which customers buy electricity upfront and use it until the prepaid amount is consumed. We use data from Cape Town, South Africa to examine the effects of prepaid electricity metering on residential consumption and returns to the electric utility. Over 4,000 customers on monthly billing were involuntarily assigned to receive a prepaid electricity meter, with exogenous variation in the timing of the meter replacement. Electricity use falls by about 13 percent as a result of the switch, a decrease that persists for the following year. This creates a tradeoff for the utility: revenue from consumption falls but more of it is recovered on time and at a lower cost. The benefits to the electric utility outweigh the costs, on average, though results are very heterogeneous. Poorer customers and those with a history of delinquent payment behavior show the greatest improvement in profitability when switched to a prepaid meter. These findings point to an important role for metering technologies in expanding energy access for the poor.
Book
ISBN: 9781550145212 1550145215 Year: 2009 Publisher: Toronto : York University,
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Onomastics --- Names, Geographical --- Names, Personal --- Toponymy --- Onomastique --- Noms géographiques --- Noms de personnes --- Toponymie --- Congresses --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- -Toponymy --- Noms géographiques --- Congrès --- Onomastics - Congresses --- Names, Geographical - Congresses --- Names, Personal - - Congresses --- Toponymy - Congresses
Digital
ISBN: 9783110918588 9783484555198 Year: 2017 Publisher: Tübingen Max Niemeyer Verlag
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