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Climate change is directly linked to the human activities, according to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007). In last two decades of 20th Century, accelerated anthropogenic activities pushed up the atmospheric abundance of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, CH4, and N2O, alarmingly which enhanced the radiative forcing of the Earth’s surface and thus perturbed its heat radiation balance. As a consequence, atmospheric characteristics, such as temperature, rainfall pattern, levels of CO2 and O3 have changed significantly, affecting the farm productivity. Although rising level of CO2 may have fertilizing effect on C3 crops, but concomitant rise in atmospheric temperature, O3 level and extreme weather conditions can not only nullify the fertilizing effect of CO2, but also drastically reduce the crop production, threatening food security to burgeoning world population. Agricultural crops are not only victim of climate variability and extreme whether conditions, but also serve as a potential source of CH4 and N2O. Therefore, in changed scenario, Kyoto Protocol (1997) has sought all signatory developed nations to cut down their emission levels as per their differential commitments to UNFCCC and developing nations to invest in less carbon emission projects to avert the process of global warming process. In this context, the present edition, which compiles latest findings of studies carried out by the scientists on climate change and crops around the world, serves as a ready reckoner to crop scientists, atmospheric scientists, ecologists, environmentalists, research scholars and post- graduate students to update their knowledge and understanding on this issue.
Climatic changes. --- Crop yields. --- Crops and climate. --- Food supply -- Environmental aspects. --- Food supply --- Environmental aspects. --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Food control --- Crops --- Field crops --- Yields, Crop --- Agricultural climatology --- Agriculture --- Agroclimatology --- Climate and crops --- Crop micrometeorology --- Plant biometeorology --- Environmental aspects --- Yields --- Climatic factors --- Environment. --- Climate change. --- Climate Change. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Produce trade --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Agricultural productivity --- Soil productivity --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Agricultural ecology --- Bioclimatology --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Global environmental change
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The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) is the most important pulse crop in the world. It is an important source of calories, proteins, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins for millions of people in both developing and developed countries worldwide. It complements cereals and other carbohydrate-rich foods in providing near-perfect nutrition to people of all ages. Moreover, a regular intake ofbeans helps lower cholesterol and cancer risks. Despite the fact that per capita consumption of common bean in some developed countries (e. g. , the U. S. A. ) has been increasing over the last several years, in general, the average global per capita consumption is declining because production is unable to keep up with the population growth. Moreover, increasing demand for pesticide-free food products, concern for natural resources conservation, and the need to reduce production costs offer daunting challenges to the twenty-first century policy makers, bean growers, and researchers alike. High yielding, high quality bean cultivars that require less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and manual labor combined with integrated management of abiotic and biotic stresses will have to be developed. Eminent bean researchers were invited to contemplate these issues, prepare a state-of-the-art account on most relevant topics, and offer their insight into research directions into the twenty-first century. Four excellent books have been published covering various aspects ofthe common bean since 1980. These books are: I) Bean Production Problems nd in the Tropics (l SI ed. 1980, 2 ed. 1989), H. F. Schwartz & M. A.
Phaseolus --- Génétique des populations --- population genetics --- Sélection --- Selection --- Transformation génétique --- genetic transformation --- Méthode d'amélioration génétique --- breeding methods --- Common bean --- Breeding. --- Genetic engineering. --- LEG Leguminosae --- Leguminosae --- Phaseolus vulgaris --- genetic diversity --- genetic improvement --- integrated control --- Selection. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Human genetics. --- Plant pathology. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Sciences. --- Human Genetics. --- Plant Pathology. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany --- Bean, Common --- French bean --- Haricot bean --- Beans
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Polyurethane foams are used in many applications including household and commercial refrigerators and freezers, building insulation and roofing, doors, cushioning, packaging, sprays and marine flotation, etc. The polyurethane foam industry was radically shaken up by the discovery, in the mid 1980's, that certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used as blowing agents can damage the environment. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were developed as replacements, but they are now scheduled to be phased out as they also have ozone depleting potential. Global agreements have been introduced such as the Mont
Plastic foams. --- Manufacturing processes. --- Industrial processing --- Manufacture --- Process engineering (Manufactures) --- Processes, Manufacturing --- Processing, Industrial --- Production processes --- Industrial arts --- Production engineering --- Machine-tools --- Materials --- Cellular plastics --- Plastics, Cellular --- Foam --- Foamed materials --- Plastics --- Plastics in packaging
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Tropical zones --- Grain legumes --- Vegetable legumes --- Pest insects --- Vigna unguiculata --- Glycine max --- Phaseolus --- Arachis hypogaea --- Cajanus cajan --- Pest resistance --- pest control --- Insect pests --- Legumes as food --- Legumes --- Tropical crops --- Diseases and pests --- Tropics
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