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Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychiatric illness that can occur in anyone who has experienced a life-threatening or violent event. The trauma can be due to war, terrorism, torture, natural disasters, violence, or rape. In PTSD the brain areas that are likely to be affected are the hippocampus (memory), amygdala (fear association), the prefrontal cortex (cognitive processing), and the ascending reticular activating system (arousal). The chemical of interest is norepinephrine, which is released during a stressful event and is part of the fight-or-flight response meant to mobilize the body to action.The objective of this title is to outline the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder and provide treatment strategies for clinicians. The chapter material from this book has evolved from a seminar on PTSD held recently under the auspices of the VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University Medical Center and Harvard Medical School.  We propose a book that will focus on the epidemiology, neurobiology, MRI studies, animal models, arousal and sleep issues, clinical trials, and treatment strategies for clinicians. Treatment will cover such topics as guidelines for treating posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD and the use of mental health services, cognitive intervention therapy, and large scale clinical trials in PTSD. This collection will be a vital source of information to clinicians and neuroscientists.

Post-traumatic stress disorder. --- Post-traumatic stress disorder --- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic --- Stress Disorders, Traumatic --- Anxiety Disorders --- Mental Disorders --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Psychiatric Disorders, Individual --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Stress (Psychology) --- Emotional stress --- Mental stress --- Psychological stress --- Tension (Psychology) --- Posttraumatic stress disorder --- PTSD (Psychiatry) --- Stress disorder, Post-traumatic --- Traumatic stress syndrome --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Psychiatry. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Mental health --- Psychology --- Diathesis-stress model (Psychology) --- Life change events --- Type A behavior --- Anxiety disorders --- Traumatic neuroses --- Intrusive thoughts --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Medicine and psychology --- Psychology, Pathological --- Medicine --- Neuropsychiatry --- Diseases --- Neurology .

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Sleep Loss and Obesity: Intersecting Epidemics  represents a major contribution to the field of sleep medicine.  It is a comprehensive review of the neurobiology of sleep, circadian timing and obesity, the deleterious effects of sleep loss and obesity on health. The number of individuals who are obese has reached alarming levels.  As a result, the incidence of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, heart disease, and kidney failure have also increased.  The surgeon general estimates that the total annual cost of obesity in the US is about 117 billion.  This cost is expected to escalate significantly because the number of overweight and obese children is increasing rapidly.  Indeed, the new generation is expected to have a shorter life-span then their parents.  In addition, sleep loss is emerging as an important contributing factor to obesity.  People who sleep less or are sleep deprived tend to eat more, especially carbohydrates, and have a higher body mass index. Increased weight restricts the upper airway, causing obstructive sleep apnea and further sleep loss.  In the end there is a vicious cycle of weight gain and sleep loss.   In the past few years there has been a tremendous growth in our understanding of brain mechanisms controlling energy metabolism.  Interestingly the neurons regulating waking also regulate feeding.  There is also a mechanism that regulates the timing of feeding and sleep.  In shift-workers this system is likely to be disturbed, and this has an adverse impact on both feeding and sleep.   Sleep Loss and Obesity: Intersecting Epidemics is the first title to clearly examine how obesity and sleep loss are interacting epidemics. This fascinating title makes the link between energy metabolism, sleep and circadian timing; identifies poor sleep as a risk-factor for obesity in children and adults and offers treatment strategies for obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. This book will be a vital source of information for all physicians interested in sleep disorders and obesity. It will also be of value to neuroscientists, health system administrators, and policy makers.

Physiology of the respiratory system --- Pathological endocrinology --- Psychiatry --- Neuropathology --- Human medicine --- neurologie --- obesitas --- psychiatrie --- geneeskunde --- hersenen --- endocrinologie --- pneumologie