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A cool guide to help kids develop robots and electronics About This Book Get clearly-written code with descriptions and comments that explain each code section The book comes with separate code files, one entire program at a time, as well as many diagrams and separate downloadable files that contain colored photos explaining steps in the book Kids can build multiple projects during the course of the book; by the end, they will have working projects of their own Who This Book Is For This book is for children aged 9 and up, and their parents, who may or may not have a technical background. This book is tailored around the central idea of introducing electronics as a fun and a curiosity-inducing exercise. This book can act as a bonding exercise between parent and child over a single weekend. What You Will Learn Write simple programs using variables, functions, loops, arrays, and libraries Set up the Arduino and understand its internal functioning Get to grips with connections in electronics and arrive at ways to connect various components yourself Delve into various sensors and their selection and build your own sensor Unravel the concept of resistors and capacitors along with understanding the physics of electronics Become an inventor through interactive exercises (such as making a friend happy with a proximity sensor, and giving "life" to a plant) In Detail The mission of this book is to integrate technology with the tools that children already use for crafts so that they feel that the technology is an extension of their playtime. We use coding, sensors, and micro-controllers integrated with art and craft supplies, origami, and Playdough. There are 10 fun-filled chapters that talk to children directly, and give clear instructions for non-technical parents too. We use Arduino as the controller of choice due to its easy availability and large community. By the end of the book, children will comfortably be able to set up their Arduino, read and understand code, manipulate code, and ultimately write their own code for projects. They will also be able to use basic sensors and know how components connect to each other. All the learning takes place with lots of colorful pictures and the circuits are neatly presented using wiring. Style and approach This book will show you the glamour of common and easily available sensors, so that kids and parents waste no time searching for parts. We provide simple yet fun projects with step-by-step instructions that...
Robots --- Arduino (Programmable controller) --- Arduino (Microcontroller) --- Programmable controllers --- Automata --- Automatons --- Robotics --- Manipulators (Mechanism) --- Mecha (Vehicles) --- Design and construction
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Black holes are immensely compact objects formed when a massive star runs out of fuel to support itself against gravity and collapses on itself. Recent findings of enormous black holes found in very early universe have made it difficult to understand how they could have reached such large masses so early in the universe. One of the most accepted explanations for this suggests that the stars that formed the seeds to these black holes must have been gigantic stars in the first place. With recent studies indicating that these stars could have potentially grown to a massive size of $10^4 - 10^5$ times the mass of our Sun, findings of such enormous black holesin the early universe might be explained. However we still face a challenge as these supermassive stars (SMS) would be extremely bright and might in turn lead to number of instabilities. Taking inspiration from recent studies pointing out a type of SMS that could have existed and grown to such a large size, in this thesis we utilize a computer code to run first 2D simulations of the atmospheres of such SMSs. In order to replicate early universe conditions we adjust input parameters to account for lack of elements other than hydrogen and helium in the early universe. To make the simulations we utilize a technique where we take a rectangular section from the atmosphere of star. We examine if these SMSs are able to remain stable and launch a successful outflow of gas. We discover that due to low surface temperatures the hydrogen near the surface of our star is neutral and hence does not efficiently absorb or scatter the radiation. This results in a relatively transparent atmosphere where we do not observe much of an outflow. This suggests that these bloated stars might be stable. However, because the SMSs have bloated envelopes and excessively large dimensions, it becomes difficult to completely run simulations for a significant amount of time. Thus for future studies it is recommended to focus on modeling stars for longer periods of time and looking for improvements to make the simulation run faster.
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