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Why was it that whenever the Tudor-Stuart regime most loudly trumpeted its moderation, that regime was at its most vicious? This groundbreaking book argues that the ideal of moderation, so central to English history and identity, functioned as a tool of social, religious and political power. Thus The Rule of Moderation rewrites the history of early modern England, showing that many of its key developments - the via media of Anglicanism, political liberty, the development of empire and even religious toleration - were defined and defended as instances of coercive moderation, producing the 'middle way' through the forcible restraint of apparently dangerous excesses in Church, state and society. By showing that the quintessentially English quality of moderation was at heart an ideology of control, Ethan Shagan illuminates the subtle violence of English history and explains how, paradoxically, England came to represent reason, civility and moderation to a world it slowly conquered.

History of civilization --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1500-1799 --- Moderation. --- Great Britain --- History. --- Golden mean --- Mean, Golden --- England --- History --- Arts and Humanities --- Modération --- GRANDE-BRETAGNE --- Grande-Bretagne --- POLITIQUE ET GOUVERNEMENT --- 1485-1603 --- Politique et gouvernement --- 1603-1714

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This book is a study of popular responses to the English Reformation. It takes as its subject not the conversion of English subjects to a new religion but rather their political responses to a Reformation perceived as an act of state and hence, like all early modern acts of state, negotiated between government and people. These responses included not only resistance but also significant levels of accommodation, co-operation and collaboration as people attempted to co-opt state power for their own purposes. This study argues, then, that the English Reformation was not done to people, it was done with them in a dynamic process of engagement between government and people. As such, it answers the twenty-year-old scholarly dilemma of how the English Reformation could have succeeded despite the inherent conservatism of the English people, and it presents a genuinely post-revisionist account of one of the central events of English history.

Christianity and politics --- Populism --- Public opinion --- Reformation --- History --- 283*1 --- English Reformation --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Political science --- Christianity --- Church and politics --- Politics and Christianity --- Politics and the church --- 283*1 Anglicanisme:--16de eeuw --- Anglicanisme:--16de eeuw --- Political aspects --- Great Britain --- Politics and government --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1500-1599 --- Christianisme et politique --- Opinion publique --- Populisme --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Histoire --- Grande-Bretagne --- Politique et gouvernement --- Arts and Humanities

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An illuminating history of how religious belief lost its uncontested status in the WestThis landmark book traces the history of belief in the Christian West from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, revealing for the first time how a distinctively modern category of belief came into being. Ethan Shagan focuses not on what people believed, which is the normal concern of Reformation history, but on the more fundamental question of what people took belief to be.Shagan shows how religious belief enjoyed a special prestige in medieval Europe, one that set it apart from judgment, opinion, and the evidence of the senses. But with the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation, the question of just what kind of knowledge religious belief was-and how it related to more mundane ways of knowing-was forced into the open. As the warring churches fought over the answer, each claimed belief as their exclusive possession, insisting that their rivals were unbelievers. Shagan challenges the common notion that modern belief was a gift of the Reformation, showing how it was as much a reaction against Luther and Calvin as it was against the Council of Trent. He describes how dissidents on both sides came to regard religious belief as something that needed to be justified by individual judgment, evidence, and argument.Brilliantly illuminating, The Birth of Modern Belief demonstrates how belief came to occupy such an ambivalent place in the modern world, becoming the essential category by which we express our judgments about science, society, and the sacred, but at the expense of the unique status religion once enjoyed.

Christian West;religious belief;unbelievers;modern belief;Protestant Reformation;Luther;Calvin;Council of Trent;Enlightenment;belief;unbelief;religion;secular age;Reformation;modernity;Protestants;Catholics;Anabaptists;medieval Christians;God;deity;epistemology;faith;infinite creator;simulacra;Europe. --- Christian belief. --- Christian society. --- Church. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Descartes. --- Francesco Spiera. --- Samuel Taylor Coleridge. --- atheism. --- birth pangs. --- classical philosophy. --- confessional credulity. --- doctrines. --- dogma. --- eighteenth century. --- evil. --- existence. --- human beings. --- human creations. --- human judgment. --- infidels. --- knowledge. --- medieval credulity. --- modern credulity. --- modern historians. --- opinion. --- ratiocination. --- sixteenth century. --- social world. --- spiritual objects. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Religion --- History. --- Anabaptists. --- Calvin. --- Catholics. --- Christian West. --- Council of Trent. --- Enlightenment. --- God. --- Luther. --- Protestant Reformation. --- Protestants. --- Reformation. --- belief. --- deity. --- epistemology. --- faith. --- infinite creator. --- medieval Christians. --- modern belief. --- modernity. --- religion. --- religious belief. --- secular age. --- simulacra. --- unbelief. --- unbelievers.

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