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Discovering the real world presents unique evidence on health workers' career choices in Ethiopia. It shows that challenges like health workers' limited willingness to work in a rural area, as well as their likelihood to migrate abroad vary substantially and are correlated with rural background, motivation, and job satisfaction.

Medical personnel --- Ethiopia --- Health care personnel --- Health care professionals --- Health manpower --- Health personnel --- Health professions --- Health sciences personnel --- Health services personnel --- Healthcare professionals --- Medical manpower --- Ėfiopii︠a︡ --- Abyssinia --- Abisynja --- Etiopie --- Etiopia --- Etʻovpia --- Federazione etiopica --- Avēssynia --- Hạbashah --- Äthiopien --- Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia --- Abissinii︠a︡ --- Etyopiyah --- Etyopyah --- Etiyopiyah --- Etiyopyah --- Ḥabash --- People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia --- ʼItyoṗyā --- YaʼItyoṗyā ne. na. mangeśt --- YaʼItyoṗyā neguśa nagaśt mangeśt --- Imperial Ethiopian Government --- YaH̲ebratasabʼāwit ʼItyoṗyā gizéyāwi watādarāwi mangeśt --- Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia --- Empire of Ethiopia --- YaʼItyoṗyā ḥezbāwi dimokrāsiyāwi ripublik --- Abissinia --- YaʼItyop̣ya yašegeger mangeśt --- Transitional Government of Ethiopia --- Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia --- YeĪtyopʼiya Fēdēralawī Dēmokrasīyawī Rīpeblīk --- YaʼItyopyā mangeśt --- Ityop --- Motumā céhumsa ʼItyopyā --- ʼIḤeDeRi --- Abesiniye --- Abesinija --- Eṭiopiye --- Gouvernement impérial d'Éthiopie --- Éthiopie --- Aethiopia --- Ityopp'ya --- Ye-Ityopp'ya Federalawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripeblik --- République fédérale démocratique d'Éthiopie --- Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik --- Abessinien --- Demokratische Bundesrepublik Äthiopien --- Repubblica democratica federale d'Etiopia --- República Democrática Federal de Etiopía --- Abisinia --- Alta Ætiopia --- Professional employees --- Ethiopia (Territory under British occupation, 1941-1942) --- Reserved Areas of Ethiopia (Territory under British occupation, 1942-1955) --- エチオピア --- Echiopia --- YaʼI.Fé.De.Ri. --- IFeDeRi

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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There is general agreement that the existence of participatory institutions is a necessary condition for accountability, especially where top-down institutions are malfunctioning or missing. In education, the evidence on the effectiveness of participatory accountability is mixed. This paper argues that participation is a social dilemma and therefore depends, at least partly, on individuals' propensity to cooperate with others for the common good. This being the case, the mixed evidence could be owing to society-level heterogeneities in individuals' willingness and ability to overcome collective action problems. The authors investigate whether individuals' propensity to cooperate plays a role in parents' decisions to participate in both a school accountability system-a "short route" to accountability-and parliamentary elections-a "long route" to accountability-by combining survey data on 1,800 individuals' participation decisions with measures of their willingness to contribute to a public good in the context of a very simple, clearly defined laboratory experiment. They conduct a study in a new democracy, Albania, involving parents of children enrolled in primary schools. The findings confirm that, both across individuals within communities and across communities, the decision to hold teachers and school directors accountable directly through participation at the school level, and indirectly through political participation correlates with cooperativeness in a simple public goods game.

Accountability --- Collective action --- Education --- Education for all --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Parliamentary Government --- Participation --- Primary Education --- Public good game --- Social Development --- Tertiary Education

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There is general agreement that the existence of participatory institutions is a necessary condition for accountability, especially where top-down institutions are malfunctioning or missing. In education, the evidence on the effectiveness of participatory accountability is mixed. This paper argues that participation is a social dilemma and therefore depends, at least partly, on individuals' propensity to cooperate with others for the common good. This being the case, the mixed evidence could be owing to society-level heterogeneities in individuals' willingness and ability to overcome collective action problems. The authors investigate whether individuals' propensity to cooperate plays a role in parents' decisions to participate in both a school accountability system-a "short route" to accountability-and parliamentary elections-a "long route" to accountability-by combining survey data on 1,800 individuals' participation decisions with measures of their willingness to contribute to a public good in the context of a very simple, clearly defined laboratory experiment. They conduct a study in a new democracy, Albania, involving parents of children enrolled in primary schools. The findings confirm that, both across individuals within communities and across communities, the decision to hold teachers and school directors accountable directly through participation at the school level, and indirectly through political participation correlates with cooperativeness in a simple public goods game.

Accountability --- Collective action --- Education --- Education for all --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Parliamentary Government --- Participation --- Primary Education --- Public good game --- Social Development --- Tertiary Education

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The articles are based, inter alia, on lectures held at the third international Anti-corruption summer school (IACSS), which - initiated and organized by the Austrian Federal Bureau for Internal Affairs (BIA), supported by several European partner organizations and confinanced by the European Commission - serves sicentists ans practioners as an network and platform for the exchange and transfer of knowledge in the field of anti-corruption.