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This book discusses the design of neural stimulator systems which are used for the treatment of a wide variety of brain disorders such as Parkinson’s, depression and tinnitus. Whereas many existing books treating neural stimulation focus on one particular design aspect, such as the electrical design of the stimulator, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach: by combining the fields of neuroscience, electrophysiology and electrical engineering a thorough understanding of the complete neural stimulation chain is created (from the stimulation IC down to the neural cell). This multidisciplinary approach enables readers to gain new insights into stimulator design, while context is provided by presenting innovative design examples. Provides a single-source, multidisciplinary reference to the field of neural stimulation, bridging an important knowledge gap among the fields of bioelectricity, neuroscience, neuroengineering and microelectronics;Uses a top-down approach to understanding the neural activation process: from electrode modeling to cell activation; Discusses the mechanisms leading to neural damage and considers several strategies for electrochemical balance; Describes novel, high frequency stimulation principles that take a fundamentally different approach, compared to existing stimulator designs.

Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Neural stimulation. --- Nerve stimulation --- Stimulation, Neural --- Electric stimulation --- Electrodiagnosis --- Electrophysiology --- Electrotherapeutics --- Systems engineering. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Electronic circuits. --- Microelectronics. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes

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Linear integrated circuits --- Biomedical engineering. --- Nanotechnology. --- Design and construction.

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Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing describes signal processing methodologies and analog integrated circuit techniques for low-power biomedical systems. Physiological signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), the electrocorticogram (ECoG), the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the electromyogram (EMG) are mostly non-stationary. The main difficulty in dealing with biomedical signal processing is that the information of interest is often a combination of features that are well localized temporally (e.g., spikes) and others that are more diffuse (e.g., small oscillations). This requires the use of analysis methods sufficiently versatile to handle events that can be at opposite extremes in terms of their time-frequency localization. Wavelet Transform (WT) has been extensively used in biomedical signal processing, mainly due to the versatility of the wavelet tools. The WT has been shown to be a very efficient tool for local analysis of non-stationary and fast transient signals due to its good estimation of time and frequency (scale) localizations. Being a multi-scale analysis technique, it offers the possibility of selective noise filtering and reliable parameter estimation. Often WT systems employ the discrete wavelet transform, implemented on a digital signal processor. However, in ultra low-power applications such as biomedical implantable devices, it is not suitable to implement the WT by means of digital circuitry due to the relatively high power consumption associated with the required A/D converter. Low-power analog realization of the wavelet transform enables its application in vivo, e.g. in pacemakers, where the wavelet transform provides a means to extremely reliable cardiac signal detection. In Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing we present a novel method for implementing signal processing based on WT in an analog way. The methodology presented focuses on the development of ultra low-power analog integrated circuits that implement the required signal processing, taking into account the limitations imposed by an implantable device.

Analog-to-digital converters. --- Cardiac pacemakers -- Design and construction. --- Cardiac pacemakers. --- Low voltage integrated circuits. --- Signal processing. --- Signal processing --- Cardiac pacemakers --- Analog-to-digital converters --- Low voltage integrated circuits --- Applied Physics --- Telecommunications --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Design and construction --- Design and construction. --- Processing, Signal --- Low power consumption chips --- Low power integrated circuits --- Reduced voltage integrated circuits --- Artificial cardiac pacemakers --- Artificial pacemakers, Cardiac --- Heart pacemakers --- Pacemaker, Artificial (Heart) --- Pacemakers, Cardiac --- Pacers (Cardiac pacemakers) --- Analog-digital converters --- Engineering. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Integrated circuits --- Low voltage systems --- Cardiovascular instruments, Implanted --- Analog electronic systems --- Computer input-output equipment --- Digital electronics --- Electronic data processing --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing

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The task of the system architect is to take the correct early decisions despite the uncertainties. Power-Aware Architecting provides a systematic way to support the system architect in this job. Therefore, an iterative system-level design approach is defined where iterations are based on fast and accurate estimations or predictions of area, performance and energy consumption. This method is illustrated with a concrete real life example of multi-carrier communication. This book is the result of a Ph.D. thesis, which is part of the UbiCom project at Delft University of Technology. I strongly recommend it to any engineer, expert or specialist, who is interested in designing embedded systems-on-a-chip. Jef van Meerbergen Professor Eindhoven University of Technology Fellow Philips Research Eindhoven.

Engineering. --- Energy systems. --- Electric power production. --- Engineering design. --- Electrical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Electronic circuits. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Energy Technology. --- Energy Systems. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electric engineering --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Design --- Systems on a chip --- System design. --- Systems engineering. --- Design and construction. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design, System --- Systems design --- Electronic data processing --- SOC design --- Systems on chip --- Embedded computer systems --- Design and construction --- Computer engineering. --- Computers

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Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing describes signal processing methodologies and analog integrated circuit techniques for low-power biomedical systems. Physiological signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), the electrocorticogram (ECoG), the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the electromyogram (EMG) are mostly non-stationary. The main difficulty in dealing with biomedical signal processing is that the information of interest is often a combination of features that are well localized temporally (e.g., spikes) and others that are more diffuse (e.g., small oscillations). This requires the use of analysis methods sufficiently versatile to handle events that can be at opposite extremes in terms of their time-frequency localization. Wavelet Transform (WT) has been extensively used in biomedical signal processing, mainly due to the versatility of the wavelet tools. The WT has been shown to be a very efficient tool for local analysis of non-stationary and fast transient signals due to its good estimation of time and frequency (scale) localizations. Being a multi-scale analysis technique, it offers the possibility of selective noise filtering and reliable parameter estimation. Often WT systems employ the discrete wavelet transform, implemented on a digital signal processor. However, in ultra low-power applications such as biomedical implantable devices, it is not suitable to implement the WT by means of digital circuitry due to the relatively high power consumption associated with the required A/D converter. Low-power analog realization of the wavelet transform enables its application in vivo, e.g. in pacemakers, where the wavelet transform provides a means to extremely reliable cardiac signal detection. In Ultra Low-Power Biomedical Signal Processing we present a novel method for implementing signal processing based on WT in an analog way. The methodology presented focuses on the development of ultra low-power analog integrated circuits that implement the required signal processing, taking into account the limitations imposed by an implantable device.

Human biochemistry --- Computer. Automation --- beeldverwerking --- medische biochemie --- signal processing --- biochemie --- signaalverwerking