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Using household surveys for 24 countries over a 10-year period, this paper investigates why the elderly are more averse to open immigration policies than their younger peers. The analysis finds that the negative correlation between age and pro-immigration attitudes is mostly explained by a cohort or generational change. In fact, once controlling for year of birth, the correlation between age and pro-immigration attitudes is either positive or zero in most of the countries in the sample. Under certain assumptions, the estimates suggest that aging societies will tend to become less averse to open immigration regimes over time.

Adolescence --- Adulthood --- Age --- Age Groups --- Aging --- Bulletin --- Citizens --- Citizenship --- Democracy --- Demographic Changes --- Developing Countries --- Development Policy --- Discrimination --- Economic Growth --- Education --- Effects --- Elderly --- Estimates --- Ethnic Group --- Ethnicity --- Fertility --- Gender --- Gender & Social Development --- Generations --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Host Country --- Household Income --- Household Surveys --- Immigrant --- Immigration --- Immigration Policy --- Knowledge --- Labor Force --- Labor Market --- Measures --- Methodology --- Migrants --- Migration --- Migration Policy --- Mortality --- Native Workers --- Norms --- Older People --- Organizations --- Pensions --- Policy --- Policy Discussions --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Political Support --- Population --- Population Policies --- Population Projections --- Population Size --- Progress --- Projections --- Psychology --- Publications --- Research --- Research Working Papers --- Scenario --- Science and Technology Development --- Science Education --- Scientific Research & Science Parks --- Size --- Social Norms --- Social Security --- Societies --- Sociology --- Survey Data --- Surveys --- Theory --- Time --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Weight --- World Population --- Young Workers --- Youth

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This volume investigates the trends in earnings inequalities in developing countries to determine the main drivers. Particular attention is paid to extending the most conventional explanations of changes in earnings inequality, based on the relative abundance of skilled and unskilled labour, with recent theories that put the nature of tasks performed by workers in their jobs, rather than their skills, at the centre of the analysis.

Labor --- Equality --- Industry. --- Economics. --- Labor economics. --- Equality. --- Political aspects.

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This paper looks at how individual preferences for the allocation of government spending change along the life cycle. Using the Life in Transition Survey II for 34 countries in Europe and Central Asia, the study finds that older individuals are less likely to support a rise in government outlays on education and more likely to support increases in spending on pensions. These results are very similar across countries, and they do not change when using alternative model specifications, estimation methods, and data sources. Using repeated cross-sections, the analysis controls for cohort effects and confirms the main results. The findings are consistent with a body of literature arguing that conflict across generations over the allocation of public expenditures may intensify in ageing economies.

Ageing --- Cohort Effects --- Debt Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Population Policies --- Public Spending --- Science and Technology Development --- Scientific Research & Science Parks