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Dissertation
Het automatisch voorkomen van botsingen voor schepen varend op de Westerschelde.

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Dissertation
A suction sail investigation

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Transportation oversea causes a considerable amount of emissions. These large vessels can carry up to 20 000 TEU (Twenty foot Equivalen Unit) and are propelled by traditional engines. To decrease the pollution of large ships, the required amount of fuel has to be minimized. This is done by investigating in the hull resistance or by decreasing the cruise speed. Besides, it is from great importance to investigate in the effciency of the ship propulsion in order to minimize their harm to the environment. For that last reason, WASP (Wind Assisted Ship Propulsion) devices are developed. They serve to propel the ship based on wind energy. In that way, they try to minimize shipping emissions. Therefore, this thesis examines the working principle of a WASP device: the suction sail or a more commercially used term is the 'turbosail'. The author designed a mathematical model that is able to predict all the relevant properties of the deployment of a suction sail. This mathematical code is generated in the environment named 'Python' and is based on the 'Hess-smith panel method'. Remarkable is that this extended panel method incorporates suction. In other words, this idea of incorporating suction into a panel method can be considered as innovative. The report starts of with the introduction where the need for decarbon- isation of the shipping industry is explained. Next up, a few Wind Assisted propulsion devices are presented. Ultimately, the goal of the thesis is moti- vated. Continuing with the literature study, relevant physical principles and rele- vant literature is introduced. Also, an overview of the suction sail history is given. Here, the reader learns how these WASP devices can produce a propul- sion force. Engineering goals in the world of WASP devices are to minimize the drag and to maximize the lift or the propulsion force of the WASP technology. The advantage of suction sails is that they have implemented a aspiration device to generate boundary layer suction. This minimizes drag while gaining extra lift force. In the chapter 'Methodology', the reader learns how the panel code is build up. First, basic mathematical formulas are given. The more the reader gets to the end of the chapter, the more the reader understands witch relevant role all of these formula's fulfill in the model. From this work, the reader can deduce an extended panel method methodology that incorporates suction. Furthermore, in the results chapter, the author investigates how the system reacts to different property changes of the suction sail. For example, the as- piration power can be varied to examine the effects on the airfoil/suction sail profiles. Underneath, an overview of the aspects that are examined is given: • The amount of calculations that need to be executed to receive reasonable result • The position of the flap • The thickness of the suction sail • The amount of suction • The area of suction • The prediction of the drag Concluding is stated that the ability of boundary layer suction is advanta- geous for both shipowners and the environment to minimize respectively fuel cost and emissions. Finally, the application possibilities of the coeffcient of drag (CD) and lift (CL) are discussed.

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