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During the Middle Ages, artistic ideas were transmitted from one region to another and passed on from one generation to the next, in the form of drawings. This kind of handmade reproduction, commonly called a "model" (or exemplum in latin), was used to record the form and content of works of art. Some of those drawings have survived in albums or "model books". The author discusses the many and various aspects of these drawings with special emphasis on how they contribute to our understanding of the genesis of medieval works of art. The period extends to the fifteenth century, when artistic reproduction by mechanical means made its appearance. The introduction addresses such complex issues as the views of contemporary writers on the position of the visual arts in medieval thought and society, the development of labour-saving devices, the transition from drawing after earlier prototypes to the growing tendency to work from nature, and the "emancipation" of the model in the early Renaissance. The extensive "catalogue raisonné" of extant model books directs the reader to more specific problems. The appendix summarises what little is known about the role of models in Byzantine art.
History --- pattern books --- Art --- anno 500-1499 --- Drawing --- Manuscripts. Epigraphy. Paleography --- Europe --- Artists' preparatory studies --- Drawing books --- Drawing, Medieval --- Etudes préparatoires d'artistes --- Cahiers de dessin --- Dessin médieval --- Sources --- 091.31:75.056 --- 091:083.76 --- -Drawings, Medieval --- Medieval drawing --- Books --- Preliminary sketches (Art) --- Preparatory studies (Art) --- Presentation drawings (Art) --- Sketches, Preparatory (Art) --- Working drawings (Art) --- Verluchte handschriften: techniek --- Modelboeken--(handschriften) --- Artists' preparatory studies. --- Drawing books. --- Sources. --- -Verluchte handschriften: techniek --- 091:083.76 Modelboeken--(handschriften) --- 091.31:75.056 Verluchte handschriften: techniek --- -Books --- Drawings, Medieval --- -Preliminary sketches (Art) --- Etudes préparatoires d'artistes --- Dessin médieval --- Art, Medieval --- Arts --- Dessins et modèles. --- Peinture et dessin d'animaux --- Dessin médiéval. --- Étude et enseignement. --- tekenboek --- Dessins et modèles. --- Dessin médiéval. --- Étude et enseignement.
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This book discusses how future landscapes will be shaped by pervasive change and where, when, and how society should manage landscapes for change. Readers will learn about the major anthropogenic drivers of landscape change, including climate change and human induced disturbance regimes, and the unique consequences that multiple and simultaneously occurring change agents can have on landscapes. The author uses landscape trajectories as a guide to selecting the appropriate course of action, and considers how landscape position, inertia, and direction will determine landscape futures. The author introduces the concept of landscapes as socio-technical-ecological systems (STES), which combines ecological and technological influences on future landscape change and the need for society to acknowledge both when considering landscape management. Thinking beyond solutions, the author identifies barriers to managing landscapes for change including the cost, cultural identity of local populations, and the fear of taking action under uncertain conditions. Nevertheless, processes, tools, and technologies exist for overcoming social and ecological barriers to managing landscapes for change, and continued investment in social and scientific infrastructure holds out hope for maintaining our landscape values even as we enter an era of unprecedented change and disruption.
Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Environmental management. --- Agriculture. --- Environmental geography. --- Natural resources. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental Geography. --- Natural Resources. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Geography --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Landscape changes. --- Landscape assessment. --- Assessment, Landscape --- Environmental perception --- Landscape evaluation --- Landscape perception --- Perception, Landscape --- Human ecology --- Change, Landscape --- Geomorphology
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Art --- History of Antwerp --- collections [object groupings] --- archaeology --- Antique, the --- collecting --- archaeological objects --- antiquaries --- Rockox, Nicolaas
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Painting --- History --- Eyck, van, Jan --- anno 1400-1499 --- Netherlands --- Belgium
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Art --- History --- triomfwagen --- Gossaert, Jan
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Painting --- History --- drawing [image-making] --- antieke beeldhouwkunst --- Demosthenes --- Rubens, Peter Paul --- anno 1600-1699 --- Flanders
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Painting --- History --- letters [correspondence] --- Rubens, Peter Paul --- Villiers, George --- anno 1600-1699 --- Flanders
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Art --- drawing [image-making] --- Raphael --- Musée des beaux-arts [Lille]
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Art --- drawing [image-making] --- Italiaanse school --- Musée des beaux-arts [Lille]
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This book discusses how future landscapes will be shaped by pervasive change and where, when, and how society should manage landscapes for change. Readers will learn about the major anthropogenic drivers of landscape change, including climate change and human induced disturbance regimes, and the unique consequences that multiple and simultaneously occurring change agents can have on landscapes. The author uses landscape trajectories as a guide to selecting the appropriate course of action, and considers how landscape position, inertia, and direction will determine landscape futures. The author introduces the concept of landscapes as socio-technical-ecological systems (STES), which combines ecological and technological influences on future landscape change and the need for society to acknowledge both when considering landscape management. Thinking beyond solutions, the author identifies barriers to managing landscapes for change including the cost, cultural identity of local populations, and the fear of taking action under uncertain conditions. Nevertheless, processes, tools, and technologies exist for overcoming social and ecological barriers to managing landscapes for change, and continued investment in social and scientific infrastructure holds out hope for maintaining our landscape values even as we enter an era of unprecedented change and disruption.
Relation between energy and economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Environmental planning --- Economic geography --- Geography --- vrouw in de kunst --- landbouw --- milieubeleid --- geografie --- natuurlijke energiebronnen
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