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Carl von Clausewitz has long been interpreted as the paradigmatic thinker of major interstate war. This book challenges this assumption by showing that Clausewitz was an ardent analyst of small war and integrated many aspects of his early writings on partisan warfare and people's war into his magnum opus, On War. It reconstructs Clausewitz's intellectual development by placing it in the context of his engagement with the political and philosophical currents of his own times - German Idealism, Romanticism, and Humanism. The central question to Clausewitz and his contemporaries faced was how to defend Prussia and Europe against Napoleon's expansionist strategy. On the one hand, the nationalization of war that had occurred as a result of the French revolution could be countered only by drawing the people into the defence of their own countries. On the other, this risked a descent into anarchy and unchecked terror, as the years 1793 and 1794 in France had shown. Throughout his life Clausewitz remained optimistic that the institution of the Prussian Landwehr could achieve both an effective defence of Prussia and a social and political integration of its citizens. Far from leaving behind his early advocacy of people's war, Clausewitz integrated it systematically into his mature theory of war. People's war was war in its existential form; it risked escalating into 'absolute war'. However, if the threat of defensive people's war had become a standard option of last resort in early-nineteenth century Europe, it could also function as a safeguard of the balance of power.

CLAUSEWITZ, CARL VON, 1780-1831 --- MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE --- WAR --- LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICTS (MILITARY SCIENCE)

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Negotiating sovereignty and human rights takes the transatlantic conflict over the International Criminal Court as a lens for an enquiry into the normative foundations of international society. The author shows how the way in which actors refer to core norms of the international society such as sovereignty and human rights affect the process and outcome of international negotiations.The book offers an innovative take on the long-standing debate over sovereignty and human rights in international relations. It goes beyond the simple and sometimes ideological duality of sovereignty versus human r

International relations. --- Sovereignty. --- Human rights. --- International Criminal Court. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Sovereignty --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- World politics --- Law and legislation --- U.N. International Criminal Court --- United Nations. --- ICC --- CPI --- Cour pénale internationale --- Corte Penal Internacional --- Internationella brottmålsdomstolen --- Pengadilan Pidana Internasional --- Kokusai Keiji Saibansho --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ ugolovnyĭ sud --- Međunarodni kazneni sud --- Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny --- Maḥkamat al-Jināʼīyah al-Duwalīyah --- Guo ji xing shi fa yuan --- 国际刑事法院 --- Samnakngān ʻAyakān Sān ʻĀyā Rawāng Prathēt --- Tribunal Penal Internacional --- Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi --- UCM --- human rights. --- ideological duality. --- international negotiations. --- international relations. --- international society. --- normative foundations. --- sovereignty. --- transatlantic conflict. --- world order.

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Human rights. --- International relations. --- Sovereignty. --- International Criminal Court.

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The book investigates the emergence and the development of irregular fighters, such as guerrillas, rebels, insurgents, and terrorists throughout the history of modern war. It presents a historically based critique of the twenty-first century notion of the irregular fighter as an 'unlawful combatant'.

Irregular warfare --- Unlawful combatants --- War (International law) --- Military history, Modern --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Military Science - General --- History --- IW (Irregular warfare) --- Unconventional warfare --- War --- Guerrilla warfare --- Modern military history --- Belligerents, Unprivileged --- Combatants, Unlawful --- Combatants, Unprivileged --- Unprivileged belligerents --- Unprivileged combatants --- Combatants and noncombatants (International law)

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The issue of prisoners in war is a highly timely topic that has received much attention from both scholars and practitioners since the start of the military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq and the ensuing legal and political problems concerning detainees in those conflicts. This book analyses these contemporary problems and challenges against the background of their historical development. It provides a multidisciplinary yet highly coherent perspective on the historical trajectory of legal and ethical norms in this field by integrating the historical analysis of war with a study of the emerging

International relations. --- Prisoners of war --- Government policy. --- History.