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The proportions of girls marrying or having children before the age of 18 have been declining in Uganda according to data from the latest publicly available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) implemented in 2011. Yet despite progress, more than one third of girls still marry as children, and close to three in ten girls have their first child before turning 18. Similarly, despite substantial efforts to improve educational attainment, only one in four girls completes lower secondary school, and an even smaller proportion completes upper secondary school. The government of Uganda has adopted a national strategy to end child marriage and teenage pregnancies. Improving girls' education is also a priority of the government. Unfortunately, the cultural, economic, and social conditions that have historically contributed to child marriage, early childbearing, and low educational attainment for girls remain strong. More needs to be done to accelerate progress. To inspire greater investments in adolescent girls, this note analyses the economic and social impacts of these issues in Uganda. The note also suggests potential options for investments.

Early Child and Children's Health --- Early Childhood Development --- Economics of Education --- Education --- Gender --- Gender and Economics --- Gender and Social Policy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Nutrition --- Reproductive Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted Chad's economic recovery, which started in 2018. GDP contracted by 0.9 percent in 2020. Agriculture and the oil sector remained the main drivers of growth, contributing 1.1 percentage points, while services contracted (contributing -2.0 percent). The impact of containment measures on domestic supply chains pushed up prices, and inflation rose from -1.0 percent in 2019 to 3.5 percent in 2020. Both the fiscal and current account balances deteriorated substantially, and difficulties in financing fiscal deficit may have led to further domestic arrears' buildup. Given the lack of fiscal space and large financing requirements, bold actions are needed. In this regard, the government could first strengthen economic diversification to enlarge the fiscal base, by removing bottlenecks to livestock exports, adopting business-friendly reform to support the private sector, and strengthening fiscal administration and policy for better revenue collection. Second, the government could improve its spending efficiency to deliver quality service under declining resources by enhancing the selection process, the planning and designing of investment projects, and improving public spending efficiency in health and education. Finally, the government should improve debt sustainability by strengthening its management and transparency.

Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Economic Growth --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Sector Development

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This note provides a diagnostic of issues faced by the pre-tertiary education sector in the areas of schooling, learning, education and labor market earnings, and education spending.Acknowledging the Ministry of Education and Technical Education (MOETE) strategy for the sector and the Vision 2030, the note also discusses challenges in six areas: (1) Early childhood education; (2) Teacher policies; (3) Student assessment; (4) TVET/skills development; (5) School autonomy/accountability; and (6) curriculum, ICT, and materials.

Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Accountability --- Curriculum --- Early Childhood Education --- Education --- Education For All --- Skills Development and Labor Force Training --- Social Protections and Labor --- Vocational & Technical Education