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Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound imp

Foreign trade policy --- Service industries --- International trade. --- Free trade. --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Industries --- Government policy. --- World Trade Organization. --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- General Agreement on Trade in Services --- Acuerdo General sobre Comercio de Servicios --- AGCS --- GATS --- Generalʹnoe soglashenie po torgovle uslugami --- Global Agreement on Trade in Services --- Ittifāqīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Tijārah fī al-Khidmāt --- Persetujuan Umum Tentang Perdagangan Jasa

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Based on a novel approach to measuring the cost of trade in services for Modes 1 (cross-border supply), 2 (consumption abroad), and 4 (temporary movement of service suppliers), developed by the World Trade Organization Secretariat, this paper reviews available evidence on factors affecting trade costs for services supplied via a commercial presence in a host country market, so-called Mode 3 trade. It does so with a view to answering the question of whether the current "facilitation" agendas on services and investment proceeding at the World Trade Organization focus on the most important factors affecting Mode 3-related trade costs, by far the most important of all modes of supplying services internationally. The paper explores the policy opportunity costs arising from the decision to focus the investment facilitation agenda on matters of regulatory transparency and the streamlining of administrative procedures. It recalls how reducing regulatory heterogeneity, tackling discriminatory impediments to cross-border investment, and developing investor-state conflict management mechanisms to retain and expand investment and prevent dispute escalation - all issues left unaddressed by ongoing negotiations - hold important potential for reducing Mode 3 trade costs and facilitating expanded investment.

Cost of Trade --- Cross-Border Investment --- Dispute Resolution --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Investment Facilitation --- Services Trade --- Trade and Services --- Trade Facilitation --- Trade in Services --- World Trade Organization

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A Brookings Institution Press and the Center for Business and Government at Harvard University publication With the negotiation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the policies affecting access to, and conditions of competition in, service markets are today firmly rooted in the multilateral trading system. Written with policymakers and practitioners in mind, the essays in this volume address some of the most pressing questions arising in services trade today—some of which were not addressed by the first generation of GATS negotiators.

International trade. --- Service industries --- International business enterprises. --- Government policy.

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This collection of essays takes stock of the key challenges that have arisen since the entry into force of the General Agreement on Trade in Services in the mid-1990s and situates them in the context of the WTO's Doha Development Agenda and the proliferation of preferential agreements addressing services today. The multidisciplinary approach provides an opportunity for many of the world's leading experts and a number of new analytical voices to exchange ideas on the future of services trade and regulation. Cosmopolitan approaches to the treatment of labour mobility, the shape of services trade disciplines in the digital age and pro-competitive regulation in air transport are explored with a view to helping readers gain a better understanding of the forces shaping the changes. An essential read for all those concerned with the evolution of the rules-based trading system and its impact on the service economy.

Service industries --- Foreign trade regulation --- Law and legislation --- General Agreement on Trade in Services (Organization) --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Law and legislation. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.81 --- 338.78 --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT). --- Diensten. Non-profitsector. --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT) --- Diensten. Non-profitsector --- GATS (Organization) --- Service industries - Law and legislation --- Law --- General and Others --- General Agreement on Trade in Services --- Acuerdo General sobre Comercio de Servicios --- AGCS --- GATS --- Generalʹnoe soglashenie po torgovle uslugami --- Global Agreement on Trade in Services --- Ittifāqīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Tijārah fī al-Khidmāt --- Persetujuan Umum Tentang Perdagangan Jasa