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This book brings together and updates the latest information on the diversity of yeasts, their molecular features and their applications in the welfare of mankind. Yeasts are eukaryotic microfungi widely found in natural environments, including those with extreme conditions such as low temperatures, low oxygen levels and low water availability. To date, approximately 2,000 of the estimated 30,000 to 45,000 species of yeast on Earth, belonging to around 200 genera have been described. Although there are a few that are opportunistic human and animal pathogens, the vast majority of yeasts are beneficial, playing an important role in the food chain and in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. In addition, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris are used in expressing foreign genes to produce proteins of pharmaceutical interest. A landmark in biotechnology was reached in 1996 with the completion of sequencing of the entire S. cerevisiae genome, and it has now become a central player in the development of an entirely new approach to biological research and synthetic biology. The sequencing of genomes of several yeasts including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neofromans has also recently been completed. .

Life sciences. --- Gene expression. --- Biotechnology. --- Enzymology. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Mycology. --- Life Sciences. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Gene Expression. --- Yeast. --- Nematospora --- Yeasts --- Edible fungi --- Leavening agents --- Yeast-free diet --- Entomology. --- Enzymes. --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbiology --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Insects --- Zoology --- Expression --- Biochemistry --- Enzymes --- Botany --- Fungi --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology

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The existence of life at high temperatures is quiet fascinating. At elevated temperatures, only microorganisms are capable of growth and survival. Many thermophilic microbial genera have been isolated from man-made (washing machines, factory effluents, waste streams and acid mine effluents) and natural (volcanic areas, geothermal areas, terrestrial hot springs, submarine hydrothermal vents, geothermally heated oil reserves and oil wells, sun-heated litter and soils/sediments) thermal habitats throughout the world. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches have been employed for understanding the diversity of microbes in hot environments. Interest in their diversity, ecology, and physiology has increased enormously during the past few decades as indicated by the deliberations in international conferences on extremophiles and thermophiles held every alternate year and papers published in journals such as Extremophiles. Thermophilic moulds and bacteria have been extensively studied in plant biomass bioconversion processes as sources of industrial enzymes and as gene donors. In the development of third generation biofuels such as bioethanol, thermophilic fungal and bacterial enzymes are of particular interest. The book is aimed at bringing together scattered up-to-date information on various aspects of thermophiles such as the diversity of thermophiles and viruses of thermophiles, their potential roles in pollution control and bioremediation, and composting.

Microbial metabolism. --- Microbiology. --- Microorganisms. --- Thermophilic microorganisms --- Microbial biotechnology --- Physiological Processes --- Organisms --- Temperature --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biology --- Thermodynamics --- Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Physical Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetics --- Bacteria --- Archaea --- Biotechnology --- Hot Temperature --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Adaptation, Physiological --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Bioengineering --- Thermophilic bacteria. --- Thermophilic fungi --- Biotechnology. --- Bacteria, Thermophilic --- Medicine. --- Bacteriology. --- Entomology. --- Waste management. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Waste Management/Waste Technology. --- Waste disposal. --- Microbiology --- Insects --- Zoology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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This volume comprehensively reviews recent advances in our understanding of the diversity of microbes in various types of terrestrial ecosystems, such as caves, deserts and cultivated fields. It is written by leading experts, and highlights the culturable microbes identified using conventional approaches, as well as non-culturable ones unveiled with metagenomic and microbiomic approaches. It discusses the role of microbes in ecosystem sustainability and their potential biotechnological applications. The book further discusses the diversity and utility of ectomycorrhizal and entomopathogenic fungi and yeasts that dwell on grapes, it examines the biotechnological applications of specific microbes such as lichens, xylan- and cellulose-saccharifying bacteria and archaea, chitinolytic bacteria, methanogenic archaea and pathogenic yeasts. .

Microbial ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Microbiology. --- Ecology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Community & Population Ecology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbiology --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Microbial biology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Environmental microbiology --- Ecology --- Community ecology, Biotic. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Biotic communities.

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The book provides an introduction to the basics of fungi, discussing various types ranging from edible mushrooms to Neurospora – a model system for genetics and epigenetics. After addressing the classification and biodiversity of fungi, and fungi in different ecological niches, it describes the latest applications of fungi, their role in sustainable environments and in alleviating stress in plants, as well as their role in causing plant and animal diseases. Further chapters explore the advances in fungal interactions research and their implications for various systems, and discuss plant-pathogen interactions. The book also features a section on bioprospecting, and is an extremely interesting and informative read for anybody involved in the field of mycology, microbiology and biotechnology teaching and research. .

Mycology. --- Botany --- Fungi --- Microbiology --- Microbiology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology