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Plant virus and sub-viral agents cause considerable losses in crop production as they are so widely spread.  They are transmitted by means of vegetative propagation of seedlings and also through insect vectors.  They infect field crops, vegetables, cereals, oil seeds, fruit crops and ornamentals.  The virus may enter into plants through seed / planting material or by vectors.  Once the virus is in the field, it multiplies and spreads following definite patterns depending upon the nature of the vector and agro-meteorological conditions. Detection of virus and sub-viral agents at initial stages of infection is critical to reduce economic losses.  For nearly two decades, ELISA and its variants played a major role in large scale virus testing and also in the production of virus-free planting materials.  In recent years nucleic acid - based molecular detection methods such as the amplification of nucleic acids (PCR and its variants), microarrays, rDNA technology, DNA barcoding, DNA biosensors and other improved techniques are playing pivotal role in specific virus testing, identification of new viruses, virus strain differentiation, identification of virus relationships and other biological aspects, as these techniques are specific, sensitive and reproducible.  Nevertheless, integrated management measures have evident benefits and should be fostered and promoted for managing virus and sub-viral diseases for enhancing crop productivity. This book provides the latest valuable overview of the plant virus and virus-like diseases in tropical countries on aspects like introduction about plant viruses, their classification; transmission and diagnostic techniques; the well written chapters are thoroughly up-to-date and amply and clearly illustrated with numerous photographs.  It is a good source of information on plant virus and sub-viral pathogens to all plant virologists, students, faculty, research and quarantine organizations.

Plant viruses -- Tropics. --- Tropical crops -- Diseases and pests. --- Virus diseases of plants -- Tropics. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Plant viruses --- Virus diseases of plants --- Viroid diseases of plants --- Plant virus diseases --- Plants --- Phytopathogenic viruses --- Plant virology --- Virus diseases --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant pathology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant diseases --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Viruses --- Plant diseases. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany

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Seeds provide an efficient means in disseminating plant virus and viroid diseases. The success of modern agriculture depends on pathogen free seed with high yielding character and in turn disease management. There is a serious scientific concern about the transmission of plant viruses sexually through seed and asexually through plant propagules. The present book provides the latest information along with the total list of seed transmitted virus and viroid diseases at global level including, the yield losses, diagnostic techniques, mechanism of seed transmission, epidemiology and virus disease management aspects. Additional information is also provided on the transmission of plant virus and virus-like diseases through vegetative propagules. It is also well known that seed transmitted viruses are introduced into new countries and continents during large-scale traffic movements through infected germplasm and plant propogules. The latest diagnostic molecular techniques in different virus-host combinations along with disease management measures have been included. The book shall be a good reference source and also a text book to the research scientists, teachers, students of plant pathology, agriculture, horticulture, life sciences, green house managers, professional entrepreneurs, persons involved in quarantines and seed companies. This book has several important features of seed transmitted virus diseases and is a good informative source and thus deserves a place in almost all university libraries, seed companies and research organizations.

Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- plantenziekten --- systematische plantkunde --- medische biochemie --- medische virologie --- groene chemie --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- virologie --- botanie --- moleculaire biologie

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Many of the world's most important food crops are grown in the tropics and the majority of them are affected with one or another virus or viroid diseases.  Plant virus and sub-viral agents are one of the factors that affect productivity and cause vast economic losses to staple crops across the tropics.  Sustained efforts are being made in universities and research institutions of both state and central facilities, and have resulted in dramatic success in managing some of the most devastating virus diseases.  However, emergence of new viruses and strains of existing viruses, along with changing contexts due to agricultural intensification and climate change resulted in creating new challenges and demanding even greater effort to overcome hurdles to increase agricultural productivity, food availability and economic development. Methods for the detection and identification of viruses and virus-like diseases in plants and vectors play a critical role in plant virus epidemiology and in turn plant virus management.  Advancements in serological and molecular techniques have greatly improved the speed and accuracy of virus and sub-viral pathogen identification.  To keep up with the constant threat of emerging and re-emerging plant viruses, it is necessary to identify, predict and monitor sources of outbreaks at the worldwide level to minimize small infection proportions from becoming devastating pandemics.  Diagnosis of plant virus and sub-viral agents and their  prevention / management is an integral part of agricultural production systems and regulatory frame works that exist in almost all tropical countries.  Plant virus epidemiology provides powerful tools to investigate key factors that contribute to virus epidemics in agricultural crops.  These epidemiological approaches help to guide decisions regarding plant protection strategies.  The dynamics of a particular virus disease epidemic depends on the number of vectors and their activity, sources of virus and vectors, climatic conditions and a complex series of virus - plant - vector interactions.  The importance of epidemiology needs to be realized for the management of virus diseases in an integrated disease management program (IPM) and also for generating information on pest / disease-free areas and for pest risk analysis, which is an obligation for our international trade.  Even though there are number of virus and virus-like disease management measures, whenever individually are used alone, the benefits received are very small and may become infective with time.  On other hand, in an integrated approach, when different ways of virus management measures are combined and used together, there would be effective overall reduction or control of virus and sub-viral diseases.  Integrated virus management strategies are to be comprehensive, effective and should protect farmers from economic hardships due to crop losses because of virus and virus-like diseases.  The virus management strategies developed must be robust and involve minimum extra expenditure.  This book is an excellent latest source of information for those interested in plant virus teaching, research and virus management.  It is also invaluable resource for research workers, educators, students of plant virology, plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology.

Plant viruses -- Tropics. --- Virus diseases of plants -- Tropics. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Virus diseases of plants --- Plant viruses --- Phytopathogenic viruses --- Plant virology --- Plant virus diseases --- Plants --- Virus diseases --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant pathology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Viruses --- Plant diseases --- Plant diseases. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany --- Viroid diseases of plants

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The Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids provides an up-to-date information on the viruses and viroids infecting all types of cultivated and weed plants at global level; and is unique among plant virology texts as it is organized alphabetically by the genus name of the host plant infected. It allows the reader to readily determine all of the different viruses currently reported naturally infecting the plant genus and species. Information is provided for each virus and viroids on common synonyms, current taxonomic status, geographical distribution, symptoms induced, other known hosts, means of transmission and properties of both the virus particles and the genome. Where ever the same virus is known to infect multiple hosts, host-specific information, biological properties and genome characters are presented under each host affected. The index can be utilized to identify other crops infected by the same virus, showing which other crops might be at risk of infection in the event of introduction of a virus that has not previously reported in an area, or which might serve as potential virus reservoirs for infection of more sensitive or economically important crops than the host in which it is initially identified. The taxonomy and nomenclature of the viruses and viroids are followed based on the current guidelines of the 10th ICTV Report, covering up to 2018 and also about many new viruses and viroids that have been reported but not yet recognized as species by ICTV, have been included in this Encyclopedia. The uniqueness of this Encyclopedia is that all the known viruses and viroids affecting more than 1010 plant species at global level are described and the plant species are arranged in alphabetical order of the scientific name of the plant along the relevant information on 1518 viruses and viroids and is the ready-reckoner of the global plant species and their viruses and viroids for students, scientists, teachers of Plant Pathology& Virology; and also for the crop protection professionals, agricultural policymakers, seed companies and quarantine agencies.

Plant viruses. --- Virology. --- Microbiology --- Phytopathogenic viruses --- Plant virology --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Viruses --- Virus diseases of plants --- Plant pathology. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Genetics --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Malalties víriques en les plantes --- Patologia vegetal --- Virologia --- Microbiologia --- Reovirus --- Virologia mèdica --- Virologia molecular --- Malalties víriques --- Virus --- Fitopatologia --- Malalties de les plantes --- Patologia botànica --- Plagues agrícoles --- Fongs en l'agricultura --- Malalties de la vinya --- Malalties i plagues dels arbres --- Malalties i plagues postcollita --- Micosi vegetal --- Plantes hostes --- Tumors en les plantes --- Microorganismes fitopatògens --- Paràsits de les plantes --- Fitovirosi --- Infeccions per virus en les plantes --- Malalties per virus en les plantes --- Malalties per virus (Plantes) --- Malalties víriques vegetals --- Virosis (Plantes) --- Virosis vegetals --- Insectes vectors de malalties en les plantes